本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 : |. |8 ^( N1 m, X- X; \. g3 Q, d) }) v* n% A n 转帖. L k; U& G/ b; p% D6 H7 ]' e# k
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) ( T; f$ K6 `- j5 [6 Z+ [$ M: z/ w; [: A6 {* p( J# v( k, t
例如: " n7 o* a% W% C2 j7 K. u0 ^+ K1 x' w+ e; v4 N' {/ K
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白). o4 c8 W. U# N7 B5 X+ o6 S
( n: L" n' A+ V; H* J8 ~9 t
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) : F) h8 t6 w" I* b7 z& Y 5 J: l @( c7 \( l5 XThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread). I3 [+ D" T* c$ N I
8 H8 f4 x4 _. s. h1 l, ]1 P7 c
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?), Z" D m8 T) U$ d7 A, z: G
& F! M5 J9 R$ Z) x" B8 Y% v- i! [I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) 9 c+ A* Z& J) G u B# R2 T8 Z) M6 q0 S1 Q7 ~
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) ; N3 P9 Y4 j' V: g5 Q- P A5 p' X, S6 O8 b
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)9 N( h: ]4 i- v5 z: y9 Y
3 X" x/ f( ~. }/ M: k
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) 2 o6 l- ~ q- u% |- d; k) I) [. l; [
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) ( M0 n0 C! ]% x# J# N$ q- w4 D, d/ j& n' a# |5 a* F
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)$ S+ `9 z" O+ I* |5 `* W+ e
( _1 v4 A5 u5 L, }" y8 j8 e
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! % N& E9 g" s/ A# d; S: L! ~% {. f- p
( o8 h' O9 L0 s+ r; @+ W 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。; B. a' F9 z2 L' j
- N9 k9 _- F; c* k1 k( o
例如: . g8 W6 P9 [6 Q 4 G. g$ t1 W q8 v. nAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) ( u6 c# u$ k& I$ K+ W( q/ U( K( E) m3 z9 Y
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) * A. g ?; B/ V, X4 \0 H' G 1 v# v- L& u1 ~: O7 \, iI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)* B6 z2 T' |; T/ K' r
4 u; a: F; C% ], s u9 |0 bHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)+ f: B. y" [* i6 U
& ?! R( }/ f: Z7 \, Z( d: J% C8 lIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 5 w! n. Z: \7 K8 Q, y5 }9 W- a/ ]5 U6 H
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) $ B6 V' T. }) D, {& }# T0 Y0 C: f: t( {7 M. k5 l
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) - r1 S. v/ N$ F0 n6 r5 l- x! m: Q/ y0 x8 M0 b Q
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: 4 P6 W! M6 y% w* O " S8 |% N3 d3 ~6 O. s: sThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)4 c# @+ v4 D7 B$ ^2 N
4 q' `! a7 `0 _" D" F- ]3 z3 }/ `! s
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) " }- r4 ]+ F! Q( x5 J- h. @) K" c$ B4 t; Z) S7 Q/ G
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) / T+ \2 N& u3 T; M# t; o$ L7 Q% @/ A( h3 I3 [
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) - h6 F/ Z' V4 X& S# a' R6 U- h3 E( w2 c4 b8 g' O* E! s2 m+ \- |+ V
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)7 y8 X3 H" M3 s0 ~4 j) H6 f/ [7 Q* P
2 f( X/ `8 C5 P- F$ l* c: ?$ ^Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)1 p3 j# r8 h, e1 W
3 @& ?! G2 q% h% p写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.). n' Q7 T9 }* D" n; S
( b% y7 l3 n; l ]+ X" n& I此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。, y. ~( P$ \2 L" m' a
; S+ P: K" T+ V# `9 E3 Q
+ e u J5 t& b$ U3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 & ?: u% B5 a; F6 g8 V- |7 {5 D 7 y1 e1 c! v5 J% A例如:6 J \$ ^$ ]4 g$ ] ~
, |' W* J+ h4 A4 H( n5 R& \$ g/ {
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)/ b" T/ h2 D7 v" H
2 B/ n7 A/ k4 c
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) $ {( H. e. |. W+ ~* g/ r6 w3 M' C5 d) L% V! l$ M. D* h
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) , K6 i9 U, A: I C, t( n1 k & L$ v5 K6 x# L1 \8 ~. VHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) ' p; m7 J# i- ?3 p6 E1 ~& g3 Z/ V7 _: v9 d, Z) a' }, A- q9 I
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) w1 e& O* Z0 U+ Z* t) [9 m
: k3 Q S Y1 L: c( Y6 {8 ~Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) & T! ^' I; Q* f: ^) R# I; o2 j$ d! G* A* a9 z
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) 9 {. w1 [: |" n. k3 O& P3 i " \# l7 e0 k+ y! S; W$ e3 u% pStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)& S. ^/ i$ a, c# k. D