|
|
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
+ @% K8 r- `4 c3 d# I! o6 p. U2 }& t% o1 Q
转帖
4 ]; g, j, R* t" N+ Y1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)+ S; A5 w9 w; `/ U- [
# W# x6 ^% {% j4 k
例如:4 [! C& m5 M5 B1 q c* P
, _' F6 X) h! R5 _5 n
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
' g4 D1 I$ X. R3 @+ W
' e0 V& R4 d2 ]$ E zThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)( T7 Y. h9 O1 t2 o
: x. k+ F; v9 E# x
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)% a& O: M& h% Q$ T6 W V3 N9 b
3 c: e$ b$ G4 t$ k" e7 w2 ]
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)5 a1 e9 P' m* k2 m T$ @' f& e
7 O+ Y- R6 o/ U1 l. e( \
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)& s# }; T+ E/ W. I4 n
: \1 K, t/ I3 x6 B YMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
) |0 o1 y! w4 D- P" }
V: @ z& q9 Z7 Z, I& KWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)& s6 W; ?" Y5 p( q
4 Y0 s0 {; P+ B1 h3 _- j" L/ N
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)/ D4 I( `" ~9 j |1 K- @
* W$ s7 {! o0 ~# p: W& mWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
" B4 h; d. U; A
, S7 _8 Y& [# R- ^Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)- K* A9 n9 a, X) _2 I* f, @
5 }- @: I& q& i2 T7 n/ L这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
7 h" a5 ]4 u) K/ V* C, R
$ ]. v4 a+ S0 Z* S$ m* P, ]- ~) @7 b% H" Y& p$ b7 K, q( N' y" Z
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。
9 A2 P! ?/ b3 |. l4 K$ K) g% B2 x7 X0 b" \) x
例如:
- \" o3 F" l9 l8 g9 }, o) F* F$ h$ p' C1 f" ]' q: v
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
d1 c Z* s9 J- ?- O- u
- u/ h" v8 B1 Z# pDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
9 A( Q ^: H3 A& W+ c, ~/ m- V: I: ?
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)* d# u' v9 E: z* I* |1 \' G
& ]1 R" E }6 N+ J: d7 b7 b# o7 h# PHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)$ \2 d ^& J7 T- ^; k8 ^9 `
. c' P* H: e# ?# z+ NIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
$ z# m3 {( s7 q0 W6 d
$ w* M4 G" O) f: t2 q* UShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
1 \* \' R# x2 S) K" _
3 m6 ^5 ?6 j. a4 GI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
4 `# I- }5 @2 p* c" ^: n
) x( j. q5 Z) a如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
+ q' \! w8 E! a; i$ k3 {& W
0 M/ H* U3 [/ U! o( J( s/ A1 bThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)
+ V5 R5 n6 u! L
& Q' Z: p# }2 ZThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)/ K4 `" |- u/ T0 t8 u6 l
9 e7 c* A" Z- @
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
4 V5 s; d2 K2 G' P6 C, w! B/ h* X1 J4 m
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)/ P2 y: t6 O3 Z0 c9 g
1 D" L; S+ O% R2 r, m) Z6 kWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
. ~. T6 \7 N2 S0 y) f- h4 F* R; i7 F& W; {# ^7 w$ U
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
: X5 c. l$ U& ?! ?, k5 e6 H( u, n" W2 A3 g
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
9 v' _) x: |! R* ~% c- X
1 ~2 X! c5 w k此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。2 r0 b9 D- v1 j/ ]& `% W7 @4 W$ Z/ x
4 E6 I5 K# V' S/ N, U- q5 s8 N
( }" u* e: {4 Z" Q& s5 J
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
- }, x8 t+ z+ s: Y: m3 X
; G( V4 T8 O; a# a1 o8 J例如:% Z) E/ b: |! f4 M6 Y
- l, |7 J' R/ `' w8 d, S# eMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
( I, k! r7 y: m; s6 [) K9 i
! B* ^5 Y7 k) a5 N9 mManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)+ A" @4 X# r2 B0 b' q% B3 b
$ s( a2 o: x! h4 w, SThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)2 p& Y0 e# A0 ], D/ g4 K1 e/ m
) g5 P0 U5 Z) l# W% b% N2 d# NHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)7 }1 E; C2 v$ C! ?9 {: `. g
8 z* k$ s, L0 a
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
0 a) [2 T8 l; t$ _ q/ K, q5 Q& i. a# d4 g$ z1 J1 N/ H5 K
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
8 S3 X2 i, [7 M' D0 V0 p/ |* ~" ], s! a/ I) D0 v9 C2 r; i0 ^. S# i
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)8 L6 H% K. B; C4 e
Y5 o1 z( W: ^/ _, R0 P
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
* |* h7 F% P9 N( u: \* W7 S, N# J" n: \% ^2 Q
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。( O5 o# _& g" q) y7 U6 ]
: X. p. C, i$ H# @2 e4 g7 @; B当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:( I6 B! @6 G7 z$ L# y) M
4 ]* x f3 z$ j8 m0 B% s0 `3 G对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
2 C4 Q# d8 `0 F+ B- }
5 w: T. U& k1 ~对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;( Y' H* E: |1 |/ O
7 Z' K) f4 h/ @# x/ ]1 {5 }对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
: F$ [/ M! }3 h# i" N3 j6 @2 {+ |. Y6 V+ E3 {2 S( ~
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
# `& ^5 [' l/ u( k* F! K7 Z* ` U$ \& K2 N$ R0 d. o% O8 s
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:. R6 ?1 H( E* N! k: o r+ B, ?
1 z6 J$ k7 Y9 [6 Y, d L还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。/ |% J. a7 r" h3 i5 c
0 H+ n* `# O' E' \; d- @$ Q: ?
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
6 |- L* } {( Z. {' P |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|