本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ( {& s, t) M0 ?6 x5 {/ {6 b7 i5 q, n) K N2 L7 N 转帖 1 C5 t" N" a; I5 `' \& o. h: t1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) ! w2 ~, h; Q# }* R- Z2 j$ l& n" E" M* ~! J7 y2 B2 ~8 S
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' w! @' {: F, ^" o( MMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) ; {/ @% p; I9 v F& i" M R7 i- {5 d6 I& V, y9 D0 w: j# V0 V+ G8 B
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) 6 d& Z- m- z! v- Q2 |3 O, `- ^" M6 Z# ~
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)& y# }4 Y ?5 P4 t% u
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 2 V& j+ F' Y6 f+ i* w% K. R+ F6 `7 H: v) G
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。). [1 L6 i7 I" U7 s4 ^, D
; a% ]% G7 r! k7 k+ j( WMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)- q# G7 L% G$ M" N
5 w+ l9 N# f# O$ ]) I) ]% ?* KWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)' f+ [ |" \( S+ ] \! ?
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) " O. R# \9 u. V j' n6 R# f- G. [: U! WWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) * |2 r! e _: a q/ f2 I9 q t+ `0 S. s: p
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) ( v& [( C" P& T( M0 U( r: a( z! F/ m. U; E4 z
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!. n6 D; L; J1 f5 x, c
! X; W: q; p0 S9 [0 d9 }5 ?5 I( I3 E* d& c4 P 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。! V* O$ r- @5 Y: p, r# w
3 W: F! J& @8 M例如: $ F. z7 Q$ Y: v. X# }: Z' y7 F3 A; M4 V8 d. K# D- v
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) - _7 c2 m2 {) B1 x1 {" e8 g& m* q7 e2 X
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)! k+ O6 l( M0 k+ `/ I
: N* Z9 `; P, L, S- _3 cI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) % A; T$ b, g" l$ {5 G1 m' e+ h, N2 P: m6 r% Y4 u
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)) O/ w9 j8 o* w0 w1 {1 m
4 u$ r4 ?; ?, q# y5 ?! L3 FIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)! W8 C5 X: e5 N+ X# C
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) 2 ?& C- v8 B5 E8 ^* J) g1 ]7 O. L ; _" Y1 n+ Y' ~7 f& ? ~ @' iI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) _" h1 G# u/ t* E& R" p , @" `2 k* F( ?8 j) g/ r5 B" |! T如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:' E9 [* S4 j ^
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The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) 5 Z7 z, V! ^8 @* F1 u$ X. h! f, X ; R) W6 z, @4 m% b4 j! {The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) $ [! a# _' a" S ( N3 f3 N- n$ M# eHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) h+ g" p: q# o" t: a9 V
0 C$ J |% `' b% p5 }He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) j( @3 a, h' G# w; R9 O9 q% q! J/ P9 R+ b" Y! e
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的), U( L' `9 F) B1 m) x3 v# V
' {& s0 |0 M+ {4 X! R5 w# CEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收); P: Q5 Q& ]" [4 T
1 H$ t9 v+ u. u( x0 W0 p写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) # Q, c5 p7 h+ N' G0 ?) ]' T9 \# b/ s2 A; {! ]. i3 U9 k
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 & |) m, q6 ~) K" ~- _. ?4 f1 o8 k: }& [, d7 \
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) ) w/ l! j+ q5 o+ J. z' c1 {6 f e+ U" M' G& X( }- c
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) a4 D& }3 S5 y- `9 P
0 ^$ W; Z) T8 b+ @! SThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 8 e( Q1 D ~7 M a" X; [, |( J+ _4 lHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)1 h/ J* _* o% u4 X
. \& V- }: B* q" o; _8 V% `2 MMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)3 i0 ], h5 A) Z
- [4 A$ X! c6 i+ iPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) * o) J3 I6 U+ ^0 Y- b3 n6 | ; e4 E& z. w" Z% u) aCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)7 V1 P7 f- q7 z. S/ m& j, k- v
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)& O9 Q! ]$ N/ G. q; E: Y