本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 & C) i* b- Z& c* _0 _# \ y% n% Y; v# x5 M3 |; t 转帖) p6 U2 X8 a5 u% H% Y6 r6 Z
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)' c" R9 }( t; h$ D% D
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: c9 q% W+ Y, `- F, rMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) % @& |5 u% R* i/ _: q1 U 8 V0 ~$ G( z( vThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) * _' ^ g( s$ @8 ?8 C) r% ?; Z% S, L! D8 b' Q- D; S
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)0 t1 n/ [4 T: H
- ~: {1 z6 r) v' ^0 x( B6 ] o* w4 jThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 6 J- R+ C) ~) \; n % q1 R0 Q# X) U; L/ d) _I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)# M4 M) T y9 x. Q" U L
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 6 ^/ r8 z' S- x$ y' q6 y, G , j8 h! i0 D* {9 Y9 @' y% t }We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)9 M% O, Q2 v5 {
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)( H9 ~& T5 _. p: q4 H
& u$ l9 b2 A- G: vWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) `; P4 M- M) C1 F9 [8 X( V# Z) f/ x& G5 `3 K& v1 o- e% x/ ^
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)) ?3 ^ [' d9 }$ ?- `+ F- C! F& O
7 j' Y* f* E* V4 w- m, r/ d这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! 7 M4 z9 G# ^6 b5 L. t5 v8 E- Z* K/ z v1 c/ F
* U# l; t ?' d2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。/ W1 ?# N7 w! X7 v
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)8 j" Z! L+ ` B1 p2 z3 h) h4 v7 r
2 s' D: ^/ ~ o, s0 @ ^Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) 8 E+ z3 t9 u. q+ B 7 w3 \5 Q9 B9 G1 j! c/ dI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)) ~9 ^- Z/ X' Q9 K+ i
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He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 2 s* ?) z' m# y3 m! G$ q4 d( y 8 ^/ f% q+ z7 G* }In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)) |6 a3 E$ ~8 n0 X1 z- w& h
: a" P3 ?! e% p% Z& xShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)' M/ k$ @4 h9 |9 r4 J/ o
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 3 b2 E( q7 y, Y' H; h& M4 _' C- k* B. \/ \, V% `! J; `7 c0 o3 e, }
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:4 r' b# p* l" l$ G* S1 u
7 x; Z9 n* m2 K* m4 I% R& CThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)1 _$ S& j% z- H4 K8 ?
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) $ ?4 T; g: `1 B$ W# J& ]: `4 J/ i! |9 X
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) % X9 q3 |4 N1 P( y3 W6 g* B5 J7 o3 { t; }2 v {, m
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)$ z3 N" W6 ?- K Y: @, m. i
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We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)' ~9 |8 Y! j, _ j* \: V0 r
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Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)7 p& r- w H: O5 {5 B! H, o
% f. D/ X- ?3 G* o. G9 g) }写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) ) ]9 G( _+ H2 X G* N / {* R! e, L7 _; E% d此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。) `: S1 |) H3 |4 p+ X N
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8 m$ i J& V0 y, P 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 * c$ x9 R; o. ~7 {+ p) D# E ; x7 B; V3 t1 J6 c# V7 k) ?% u0 @例如:7 f: {- g; |& y0 S( Y, m: c2 F) K# \
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) - ^" N/ y% D; ] 7 w5 s- {, K, _2 OManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) + [. L' ]% @! W$ \1 ^% q* J9 U7 {$ J# T) L A y
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) / v, ~% E6 v( ?( E) S( p! R* [ n ~/ e' S' M
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)$ x" P; `/ d+ `( w3 O
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 2 d! H: ~0 k, N n: D( y, m& D( s* ]4 [
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 9 Y2 C6 q1 o* n8 N0 b7 y: v5 E }( A. v6 `0 o2 H+ e4 v
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) ' E4 b1 j8 q2 V; t+ l* f ; V' m Z# [2 s2 V, z! E7 rStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)6 e& @* Z4 Z! ?" q' ~' G; V4 I3 k