本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ; C' J3 K& D) @" j- h/ ^2 C" F, j8 C6 s0 p 转帖 / P5 Q( J8 a9 j, p2 X- ?1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 5 [+ R% }* {; k- O, [* q" p+ U' | m. @% Q. D
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) # _6 C8 g$ [' e' p. ~0 }# l1 u' J/ i - c, |7 p$ E; w T( H) ~. mThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) 0 `' z. }' U3 T |/ \1 P* y - b4 h' W7 Z7 B, K/ n2 b( [$ }( DThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)0 |- j" O: h. d
D$ d: O0 y3 h% s0 @1 B& {2 [$ XThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) ; W: m3 t/ c/ K5 n. L$ y; |6 r. `: e) a/ [, |! Y- {
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)3 _& B' G; {) v" @* C4 [
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor); u) \( P' b. H5 E" g0 S; c y4 g
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)4 h! b: u; e; E' k
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)4 x$ Z R- C9 l8 H3 v
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We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)% I; J! [$ ]" p) W, D- e3 _- N
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Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 3 M/ D* Q$ W2 w3 u- @+ m* Y , |- G4 y2 t4 @这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! 7 f% T7 W5 ~7 ^. e+ S8 M4 [' A# g2 }( S( Y0 `. Q1 T
( b- w1 w. a0 r l2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 : o; Y- v* ~- C6 i: z$ m' E& j7 T% V+ ]# d+ v
例如: 3 y7 E) @% ]1 ~" l+ p 5 `" q% ]' F, |% LAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)4 J$ Y$ Q1 D- n. C, G+ G7 N
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) 1 t% l" o8 o' G s( [ O # P' Z" d) G! x+ [- sI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think); s/ d5 q I) t$ z( t2 O: e; Q4 x
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He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)" w. r+ z$ U8 s1 P6 J7 V
6 X7 Y' ]+ }+ L0 z, h: I- ]( IIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)9 ?$ t4 |! }- l8 u6 x
* ]+ ~& n7 D( L! ~She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) 0 b% B# D+ \* o3 I$ {. b! ^9 ^1 T9 X; K, j
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)- l* z+ k6 Z" T) m5 F
/ J$ {3 I, w7 q' i) I+ S, v如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:4 T; z; ]1 r$ n7 d/ t
* s9 q, n' Z$ C0 BThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)0 Z9 F" Q2 F; u1 v6 ^! Y; t4 V2 P
8 r* j3 V7 g; T: K2 z) t' P# V* RThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)/ F' Z4 O. J5 b* c
- n* ]. _3 S; F$ jHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) / O/ Y, y; A# K$ H8 r; z5 }" U; h 8 g, \2 T3 V& c4 t* s5 O' N9 l6 fHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味), N# Y6 }/ x3 u$ T
; N5 u3 T$ S& o9 n* zWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)0 Y3 ]7 x" m7 C! r" m* e6 D
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Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) ) Q4 F9 ^- V6 \0 ]. c 3 u# J* O+ Z5 u% J# ?( W写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 7 G/ g& M C1 y4 B% u; x8 g ' V- o! a7 ?, j8 O此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 # q4 K* A$ g1 g ) m* y9 w& @# F9 f $ a8 _! e9 |; x4 ?3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。' \2 {5 a- T; r5 Q* F9 u
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) . h8 S8 V" a, M3 ]: x5 i- G 4 i9 T: k2 c" C" ~% ^9 VManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)0 T8 u0 m0 ^8 S
0 n( m" u0 S. U: A. j" }& h' K/ D y7 [This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了); x/ k+ d" F4 ~6 w
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)1 K5 V) m# M& g9 D. e7 g2 h! @
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) ! g# ]: D, k v 2 r: G& O c7 `/ y% p0 E- H0 KPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) ) B( M. ^9 [8 F+ f4 G1 X- H & r/ B2 L2 J& `Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)8 \6 w4 Y. J. \5 [; Z- r
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)4 ]* f( U- l% ^1 W1 C1 M