找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户
海外CL企业户源头最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️
FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️比特浏览器+云手机 |防关联防封号
Facebook截流, 1 次点击 2 次曝光广告位出租8500万高质量住宅IP,助力各种需求虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构
查看: 6651|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Deepclick
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ' V: E! K9 k; S+ N6 k% k4 P
( T+ Y  [+ `! o: Z
转帖# I! M3 d7 \9 b' l
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

- Q; V  H$ ~& C8 N6 Y
% }) f0 [3 k3 b% U* C) }7 A) o例如:# T& J( C' U) [# o0 A( R2 [  R2 G
- h7 u% V- q/ @- {" @$ H" R
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白). j6 B! H) q' f" K

6 V( m) E5 @+ m1 g' W2 u* ^" I" CThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)# b% V" J! I4 N

; i$ Q3 x: f; o- h0 Z) WThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread): j* |2 H; y* Y6 C3 t
" e4 q2 r! E9 k8 _1 D
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
+ I  Z2 B; i7 Q5 s, F) C4 i9 \
' q1 D6 [5 c% I& }I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)3 q- C5 C7 n9 F% L# j4 X8 s
; r6 u* ?; x7 e$ k2 i( {) Z9 _
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)8 N; R4 z' A% j& I7 D
' m, ~  Y: k; ?9 x' r9 [
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
' k; E1 {+ P8 e
/ m% h: G* m" i* {, `The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)6 P& ?) I9 H9 q5 n, E
& W2 _2 y9 j9 r2 J2 A' k
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)$ G# D( n2 K, |# V. h; u8 K

0 l! T4 H  e9 ]% A1 [/ |Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)% d4 M# F% y0 G: [( G
! }* Y7 T: s: \% M. r0 _
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
9 m  O- n6 s  m5 P: }+ A) w3 i5 E% E7 t; |' r
/ m4 D0 j8 H$ ]. c& r
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。$ k- a; l. Q1 M) N  h( k1 X

4 b' n+ }" ^9 @& I例如:
7 W+ L+ D* R2 A' O5 r9 t5 x# w, y7 N$ w. c  A- a
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
% d/ I) T5 Q3 ], g! c5 d3 {
1 o8 S0 V3 @$ c+ H9 Q! wDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)8 ?: {; ~1 P& x  a4 `

8 P1 i( b- T! t8 m, Y! ^0 jI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think), y9 U% p% s3 \. i4 u' c) n
/ X2 d/ z6 C8 b3 T2 i: o+ C
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)" B2 G+ m/ D* a6 @# J: G6 N

. w+ v! {2 _& u6 `3 UIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
) U: Z% P4 N3 y. F% p2 ?3 a6 ~2 g% h% b
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
0 N3 A3 u6 M# K8 Y9 ?! x/ q* m/ l! v
9 f1 E* O- a- z8 e7 I( I% J) Z- yI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)( j& K: A; G. o; g' [
8 T, N6 G4 _0 A+ l
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:6 d- i- W' B( I4 B
$ o  R% I& n) ^" J6 P+ Q$ I
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)
$ G( S' R: R1 T1 Z' N$ V5 S6 V2 v( G% b7 C! T& N6 p0 U% E
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
7 ^! |+ O" ?" e; a
1 W3 c) c" y" [7 [9 L5 j# YHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
# c/ b' ~3 V* A0 @  f( V9 d- X0 t; ~4 n. F; s* c- s* o( M
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味), g( b) e3 J! |# z; v

% p- j% A6 s! O- m( SWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
) g( Q! S, H3 h
! d' z2 G' b3 j- s3 ]6 tEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
+ R' K% x+ e/ w% Q2 j
, D( D( j% p( x  W写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
9 ~3 G& o8 g  G& b- r) q- I
1 ^0 C5 R" K: I! W此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。3 j: J+ {- E) V9 @  n% ]2 G3 l+ \0 N

6 R6 ?( ?. g! P! B5 s% F$ e$ M$ ?( O* j! K
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」3 a$ e! t- H5 G- I. E1 r" i7 n( |
* u" C% I5 y+ g9 T
例如:" [; w! S, i3 E/ O* v3 ]
& F$ z5 P0 D$ [/ Y" z
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)! m7 X* w- r- R: n3 Y# r& w$ m" L# G
3 n9 ^% g; ^- F
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)+ f/ x3 n% G: P3 d: [; [' v+ _

% A8 F9 Y2 s  m7 O0 ~This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
# b. a1 J0 P0 V+ H4 U3 ]8 h7 c/ v( z3 Z+ ?# M/ ^1 V- N
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
  r9 O- `7 ]2 C: S2 F) k) `( X& s3 Y7 w9 I
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)- w1 R( e/ w3 A" E# j
, Z2 X% c/ ^; m7 h+ n% G  |
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
. Y( S: Q- V& U9 O% i/ \: K1 M0 X/ o3 G2 Z, p8 b
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)3 q2 B# F; W5 J. x
1 q% Y' y6 ?. x4 M5 n. c6 Y6 _
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
/ Z) k$ ]! Z0 U$ V* |1 K5 Q/ T, ]# l) r" v4 ]! b5 o# f) w0 c
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。. q9 [- H7 y' u! o  {: P" `

& k9 ^/ z+ ^' n: H当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
6 B' p" X& L% L9 w( x' l
9 j2 E4 D! P) P' x9 a* G7 |对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;& N8 d9 ~$ g, q

( @( N  _$ j* D" B( q对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
7 s, [3 d5 z$ x' g3 f$ N+ s5 V$ w! u! C
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
2 I% Q) L- ?, L* D, V/ u9 {
; P& j5 V9 f+ t# N对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;+ K3 \# |  z. l. Y) l2 @1 `
9 t3 ]: R# w) K
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:* \- I! j' F; h1 @" `, [

6 d. {; F* x& e4 M还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
* |0 |0 f4 G! }6 Q+ `, E3 X5 t9 g+ r& S9 h; x' m
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。% v. m0 J6 f6 _0 [

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-7-30 07:18 , Processed in 0.079371 second(s), 26 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表