本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 * ?, ~. k/ F3 a& M- ^. s
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) + P; P% @8 V* K. n1 Z- U* Q0 E4 r3 |/ S |& g7 f
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白); S V* H+ _9 F3 r' ?3 M
: ~" L9 u. r+ ]& S; X. C7 Q5 cThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) 9 ~) o2 K# ~2 `: |. l / A3 A p; W# {9 t$ i& z. xThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) p; B( H, q9 n8 D
' h0 }. T# r2 {The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)! {; l! R& I7 e5 p, i
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)$ L. g8 n7 P& U3 J6 u
6 k' Q2 r' D, o4 v; kMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor); ]# S& w' H; d3 j6 M t
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) * |) y7 ^! d: W# J7 K8 Q" ` 1 s3 m% ~% j( A q9 w/ X# sThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) , J. M9 d& ?! V! x, }( Z5 D% x6 t: e/ `
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) # x; o. @8 O1 Z , v. u; V8 Q1 g8 k: ]# aPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)& k: v8 D, c4 O- T* u
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!# N+ a/ L7 R9 n. p/ D; e
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9 g3 J6 ]1 E! w6 a/ F0 ^4 I7 _2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。* i2 H9 u- |1 S, W% u- D$ K
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0 s$ i. V" }* j5 m# u1 ~6 qAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now); R; I* R/ ~9 O, r: \9 @0 a# a+ O
% X* \$ ]1 y( n' x: P" r, HDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)1 S \8 T# Q& ?& a/ [$ e1 F% P
( j( ~0 K" Q: }5 m% T6 zI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) 1 v3 o2 M0 }6 N% k ' S5 z/ ]. S' L6 \He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) ' w4 X% N# H$ d; L 2 Y4 F2 E9 C4 N$ U0 ]In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually). k3 M6 }' |$ e! d' U: M+ M! h$ r( f
; B' J Q$ N6 G& L N; y8 W8 sShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) & A3 b; _1 B9 }+ ]- d ! ]7 B( D9 P. a: a; jI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) % V7 |- ~" ]) F5 J- a* c8 I/ p6 b' u; w1 n) k1 o' P1 s) k
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: ! W2 o$ f: `1 c' H1 j& Q! @8 y 1 l6 ?, A6 e( |, ~! O5 L, g7 Z7 AThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)8 \1 b) Z6 w& ]2 A
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 4 f5 C5 `7 E4 }; |7 Y / n$ u8 m, O N# H4 W6 CHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)! P) ]/ `' n l' f% p. p5 Y, p
3 n# F( m7 P+ K% o+ D: @He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) # e- o6 J) H/ A `; q% N# j" e4 x @4 B( ?! ?7 ]( e# p0 X! SWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 9 S5 o! n2 y* k, m. K# ]8 ~1 X$ Z' Z4 K
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收); W# a. A7 K7 Q5 o i
" S6 D( L% \6 \" r8 l$ i2 ?0 c' x% [写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) Y3 j% f6 a: Q8 j7 a; Z- @
, a8 L5 _* C7 D" p. J此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。* E: }2 x$ P( z9 t
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( D f9 z1 s5 _! b8 y$ Q7 r L3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 / o) ^9 }4 \2 B2 C' a$ O e1 o) D: g/ Q6 Q, u; {4 V! G
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0 Q1 M3 S/ A7 N* E2 p0 {Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) $ Y) Q% X2 T, d4 Q . F9 c: h0 @+ M3 ]6 h. @; WManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) , Q% x3 Z4 U& X: Z. \9 _) A3 m5 v' @, u/ E$ m+ _
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) # p8 d3 \1 N2 L$ A. `' w* o2 }- F% F' I0 x; U
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)0 B, F6 ], ]3 B; p, W& P
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)$ r7 l/ R' ]3 \! E' F3 |
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Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) , k( L7 c8 O' J7 j 8 p- d2 s. f7 w5 mCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) - q$ d3 F! `: M1 x/ T g2 m. T/ }4 K7 N* U
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)- B x! P" Q! J" w3 J
* g# Z/ g7 S' a1 O( g0 O还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。) h$ L- a: U6 I2 d; K/ j. l8 c
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有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。5 Z* p2 s. [. @5 |