本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ' J, J" B: L# l! w# [7 X
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) `) O$ ?2 j% ^ / D j2 e0 O' s" m! r! K例如: 4 Z% }- g2 Y# A 5 c. l1 a' w, v, TMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)# b' B, F$ h0 {* p, T6 f" ^
# R% \! x; }8 W8 _" i/ iThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)6 m/ X4 b" {4 i. {
- b6 d: F$ U9 K; }. I; jThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)# z" T0 j- K. r
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)% E# |+ A+ X$ n9 i! X- _1 `1 _3 t
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)+ t3 R, t# \; j( A
' t7 e1 l$ U+ S4 f5 n3 WMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) " f+ C( V7 n6 s% u" w3 q5 h: ~/ z0 C2 h2 |
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) ( O3 d9 l5 Y( s; P2 M% k " m4 S# n, O4 K; w( MThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) 0 y1 s$ x- O1 Q9 H# y8 O3 a) _5 |& ? & o: y2 d# }2 w2 W. b- z; VWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) , t7 V1 g# C8 o' {8 j: N# W" p! E% }0 j- }2 z0 [
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) ) D& a0 r% W* l2 M% M" V" I9 B4 [$ S* G
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! $ L9 {5 l) S% v) `- Z& b: N, @4 K# B( k7 `$ {
2 N n) ?: O5 }$ G& G5 T3 C% _. ^% l2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 / N. {! g& {! u% O ; |/ F3 d! m8 @, H4 O例如:. m( F5 I. h/ c: E- V
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)/ q9 K* H/ n8 J
2 W$ ]. [3 n, o- l5 |! jDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) 5 ~$ R8 K+ b2 N. Q+ [. v" a9 J6 R0 w# a A; N8 l
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)- Y k- b; z7 d2 n0 T+ p
{0 V; N7 ?4 t, v' w8 v$ bHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) # C" g1 M: x* I7 k , q+ v* i% P3 S, b8 o8 NIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)/ X2 U8 w: Z: ^* f. a' L* Y
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) , p# y9 D5 e8 b. j- w! w' v3 b9 B2 ?5 @/ l+ j! c2 m/ e, t; m
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)- X8 e! R- @" g/ F ^& r5 h
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如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: * i! H, c" `, [# Y# k" n9 O! D) X) K7 d0 x% \( S7 Z& P8 `
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) " U; i/ ]: R3 k" K( _2 t, [! t% z ( @% s* |6 {0 b5 Q3 M7 K4 t: K5 CThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 8 v* T& B9 b' A0 K, h: A 7 M$ [$ b+ A+ `$ oHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。); n' ]1 `3 r, S
% i( p0 e4 Q8 z% hHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) + ~$ i( z3 @, G1 u , J& Y8 c# d1 E! fWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) " m' @! F( p) f5 b' G3 f0 Z " O& r, Q$ q& @' j" IEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)2 ^; N# f o8 F/ G# {! q, c+ W( g' e8 j |
! T8 y ~0 f' ^ h写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)1 }4 Q u7 p7 O# h5 P
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此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。) p4 d0 s2 K2 Q: p6 ~, O
% s' q) z1 s/ Z, }4 F, z2 T4 v" t& J0 c& H 9 h: O7 W9 B5 _2 [3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 : F7 G' D, O3 O) d! n5 j% F9 R( f$ T- F+ [- i
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) 2 w! |' ]( R6 X* H / R% S; @/ k3 E0 nManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)1 b$ Z- _7 c1 ~) n7 y/ U' Y
4 A3 \: ^& w9 G7 AThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 2 Y% X/ r: T" _( O4 C3 V' V1 {$ S 9 Y3 F! O. A& Q8 N. [* NHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)% T8 Y9 P& `7 s$ r
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)5 r9 v# b" C) u
) ?& s( A4 _% P8 Q) SPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 6 @: [) s2 O+ ^ S2 L. p" @/ q) R' M) C4 {7 V
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)0 [3 R$ j0 G) [* Z3 H6 h, N
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)9 k6 i' y, N7 I( F* N) Q6 J0 j ?