本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 $ w" `9 u3 Y, \/ l ; C; [$ H9 v) g+ G" O- b; f转帖 # W U4 Y1 [' `' t1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) ' n2 E7 n) k# G" Q: Q% U( H : e y/ ? D( }9 A例如: - W, ]% j0 _4 E- r$ h; y. q0 t m) Z* `
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)1 I- I h6 ?* i" y
- ^# [' N$ @- i: P2 a* y m' g8 NThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)/ K" K% I4 ^8 }7 f7 Y+ }
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)$ `2 t1 K: c7 A/ O! h% V7 W
. U) e1 I: e* l# R1 v( {7 I( _The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) - ?: p' C2 |2 [- s ) j& M- U! L: A+ k2 G* M5 vI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)/ q2 n3 ?2 ~& D3 H
/ P: w! [! b. J1 C1 _" m# uMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) # m+ N) D r" A; y( x - z! v1 S; f0 ?& Y- _We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) # O' H2 p( I9 j1 R+ I $ K) S& k7 T, }The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)" P9 I8 R7 X. S9 ?" [
t9 o( Y3 Z6 t4 fWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)! _, H3 p. x( @& O3 ]
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Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 1 J4 i8 }$ {3 f% p5 j, P ( Y& u3 r! b8 Q; O/ g# f' h这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!9 d+ f& o& N+ t% m9 X8 W
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! R2 K$ k# ^: Z' v# d) b6 g' C2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。8 U8 u! C1 h. _- t
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例如: 6 Y! a% U# y7 A" T* n # ?% Y1 |1 X) u; rAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)& k2 R. k3 L# C# Z- D/ f! Q
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)9 J8 G3 u; H& J! `% V
5 Y" M M7 H8 o9 a/ R' y9 vI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)1 w0 a. m; S0 i! Y& o
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He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) : z- C8 M8 P2 e& p& l ; e. g" o: m/ f3 `: C: KIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) % ~. t6 R% C5 V Z" m , V; ]) f+ C' w9 F& C5 NShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)+ ]# ~9 D3 \6 p; }1 `
1 ^7 i A& E- e- O. R& S7 tI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)) s7 ]) [8 {% P- k& T) e4 i' Q' u0 x
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如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:5 |8 z6 {: X. \' `- R# A$ q
$ A3 c2 v% |/ OThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)" K# ~1 ^8 R8 m: T# u
0 I* p* L* S9 I5 XThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)! F8 [- }1 d# w5 `7 T2 o
& _- o. j4 @& X- i9 @6 z$ yHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) 0 C+ y% ~$ F- p. }5 s( I! K! k- b 8 }2 o1 l4 O4 D$ c. Y$ x3 z8 p+ NHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)# _3 Y% L4 z+ h" u+ W$ T' W" _
7 r! ^: C/ {3 ^+ c" iWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 6 {+ {7 d/ A% @& p' D" ?; f4 e2 o: u! q( g
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)4 x7 d" i+ k' \6 V
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写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 6 a0 q; E; K9 [5 y5 c; A7 k, z* g/ x& Y8 q _
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。% x: \* b( R7 d9 n3 H0 M
9 u' ?- {- J7 q4 p: |" L( g# [Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数): x F5 h( D" H9 c0 a) F
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Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)- g" r8 Y, x% M' K+ J0 `
: O% t1 G. U2 g, [This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了), }/ V7 _% Z/ A
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) * X: |$ b9 E; z. ]' @/ t+ k# e" Y& e8 _# B H4 |
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 2 Z5 m" Q+ P) ~7 e0 _8 ^4 ]! i5 z& R$ L' P
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)) R" Q m7 E5 W
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Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) ) ]$ Q7 }+ N- `1 E& A 8 j/ y% W1 \; F; fStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)/ i/ F$ p q# W