本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 4 u+ F+ a, X' v7 T- t' [6 I$ y+ ~' |
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 9 \6 b( f' [+ F: u% y0 o * B! E' E, k. p5 }' N, }例如: * j! O7 o6 Q/ \. }0 q# c3 g4 A; I" P
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 3 H c1 R- d+ u \$ b : Q' Z5 ]. c7 [. W: U' kThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)4 K; n% o) j# D
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)! x3 f3 ?0 x9 j: q% \
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)- d Z) V4 y8 b
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)( d) m0 i/ s- B2 h% j6 S
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 5 V( n6 f: N+ l) Y1 {6 C3 i: Q0 p' P4 C2 p* B
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)# h# ~: Q, C' A* j( s, O
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) + e! x: v8 |; }# E" V # ^; C5 Q; r- c! XWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) 9 W) q; f: X- m* h# @ / E( u* T+ E) B2 ZPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) % @) z. h1 R/ p$ g% y4 }- Y% `+ j' B& Z0 {+ S! B/ J% h6 l1 }. e
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! 2 d; c9 O2 J+ t. \( n , A5 i) L, Z/ {& G6 J9 d* ~0 k' w$ t' M: A, i- e 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 , T7 q# ^2 u; @% d( l/ N* Y! M1 w: {7 ~" N# m' H5 I% A( k
例如:) `$ i7 o1 J8 c' A/ \0 W0 _
6 q6 e! O0 E# W mAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)% z* j! C6 o( A! n: _& _& d
( G0 _4 M4 M$ @' ]' }Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)% @3 F% \! s9 z& A9 a( g# ^
7 S7 Y& N& I3 n, i. H& f b' UI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)# }3 d7 q' @8 T5 K( J9 r
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He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 6 ]0 q* X3 w- m+ p1 D$ j& O! u/ T% [0 x
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) * W9 r9 i2 v7 O) Z' f( V! h* V2 n6 z1 g6 A5 U2 L6 o& J( b
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) ( q( e% K: ^5 y$ w# j9 q: J 9 E) O2 N+ ?, Q! \ RI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生), a. Z0 e8 O. N! ?, c! h
% O4 U, m2 J- t' n0 T b如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: ( c' p( g2 n _7 F: m }) J5 }3 g3 J- T
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) * k9 @1 }; f' M% c( _. J8 J$ W/ d. z 7 R2 ^8 Q, A9 n" x2 j5 n- p2 kThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)5 ]. V* V n5 V& T) \* i# _ ^
9 E- o6 T- l3 z$ W" S$ q1 I3 THe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) # K4 e3 N* K, A8 E! u' _3 F3 v % L z+ x$ l ~6 P( i8 Y9 y& L) DHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) 1 O0 I4 R% I0 v3 n9 L$ [; Y& F# d7 D 7 v0 d B9 i) e" b& lWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) : B ~) E7 J [" E: ~: I) @/ n7 U8 I. M) d
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) # W1 z& K5 @3 n( B, N8 C _3 o8 e# } 5 a- |# p$ g* ~7 x3 f) { h* F8 d写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 5 `( @5 O1 b% |6 s) p1 I/ }8 j 6 o# C3 U' T5 Q: P3 @$ A此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。4 O+ L7 s* t& I0 w& q. L
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: a* l5 k$ Y) q& H2 \0 R3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 & U5 ~& W9 T/ S5 e; L2 u . c- C- A/ Q2 N" w; b例如:- n8 D3 M- K% e9 e5 m, Q% a; g
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数), i) K9 _5 o' a
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Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)3 X1 w6 e5 v9 c5 |( o( u
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This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 0 o Y9 m6 Q5 J* l6 p5 j# ` 6 g# V! Q; S( \2 c8 s9 C8 NHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 0 M. Z/ _* L1 x- t: d! y: m2 u n2 r$ k/ E; H: Y& u( b5 g% R
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。). z8 p1 n& k4 W+ p7 v
0 N& I% w; ?, EPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) + {: F2 P! c' C! r6 x+ I2 E9 Y! |+ ~1 x, t" u
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives): B: z# y* i7 n2 _6 E2 _( e% e
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)/ Y/ W! C2 g, B V0 l6 w