本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 % H( |$ }9 e+ ]$ ]3 f# f E- [0 X' j! S q1 B2 ~) d 转帖 ' F0 i2 x+ q+ t4 z- U* b4 R0 C2 r* _1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)- ]3 r0 l+ _' w8 w
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) & q" o% i! ?1 `6 M3 h, B # B; r( c$ [/ d1 H# `& s" }) GThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)& ]. {6 u; Q' }+ q6 n( U4 n0 @
( w! P# o: O9 kThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) ) @& P1 W; S, \3 B, S. b% q/ T 9 d( D( ^) u5 p+ K1 gThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) , T0 s2 K8 E& v4 Z" s/ |8 _& W$ u2 [* Z3 L3 s* b" R
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) + |1 v) w0 { |7 F; C& {, ~5 A8 {0 e; W4 u- G
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)" v( v& I9 F$ ^7 m& ]( J
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)# w8 X0 w3 P: T
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) I% @& f O+ Q, C
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We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) ( g. I+ f, v, E% Y2 U# u# J& C. S. n: c$ }# ~
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)! W6 Q8 U3 T2 k) \
1 q! z2 H( j+ i. ]3 ^, A6 T6 x这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!, A+ U/ G$ n5 H7 I6 k: ?1 l
& S: O2 U8 h* o4 r4 o- L! q) \ 6 j3 E: X$ [8 x; j! k! X- g7 s3 J2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 ; z& Y! q1 q- G( D 3 O/ k, ^$ l! J7 f例如:' I1 N" ]' k: @
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) % x T7 J9 L- T; l 3 H- r3 j/ b4 N! N, gDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)2 o3 Z y9 W/ P! M' \! B; m
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) # U8 C% Z! W/ R+ j, t: O# Q) ?, d- x( O0 A' z$ v4 i* k! |
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 9 w5 {" ], d! c: K$ Z 3 [4 j* O4 l' a5 ~0 K; HIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 9 O7 E/ z8 C T; Y+ l! ~4 r- F* c % o$ L& i7 Q0 CShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)4 _4 \7 Y7 j! K4 F
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 5 D6 i+ a+ I/ b, z 5 V* @; O# B5 g) J6 C如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: / j4 P! y( {9 ]; D: @ ) o5 A3 t5 }4 \, tThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) 8 W4 m' Q4 H9 G- D+ @5 ?+ f# ^ ) }2 a w0 k& A& jThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 9 w% ]6 O$ _5 u, I1 j5 X! @9 Y) J4 e8 E! ?) f( D1 Q
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) [- w6 |4 {4 c( O5 c) {6 Y
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) . g6 t- c- B: f0 J0 X4 `) I1 X% f* C% K* ~6 M0 G% x; N# q5 j# i4 J' L
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 3 a) {$ Y0 o1 H$ V. G- m 4 f) _1 w L% Q r# _3 ~Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)4 w3 n- J# r: p
, C8 c; _8 Y1 _. g2 l1 W, ?写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) # M1 N8 Q9 @* [1 K" Z # k# E a1 [9 L4 j此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。% K/ i, ~4 l' Z7 _ s# l
' J: U) d/ P: ~ 4 S- Y, D7 e: G- g& ~8 V, P3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 7 N. R: G4 [1 |# j8 j% _5 X: E% B
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6 x' R4 J( H6 CMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) 9 M4 w: [* p& _% Z% ~- J$ _6 t) ^ 4 m4 k* L& ^2 b4 cManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources): E6 A/ m! `/ ]3 H4 g$ W6 m
w" l- B3 e/ x0 d* IThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) , _1 |. _: Q- i8 y& g/ @5 Q( X3 Z1 Z0 w- Y5 `. n
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) ! K2 L2 ~5 U) P7 r " c) \+ \' S0 O! _5 zMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) ' ^7 q' O5 A, M, n' }8 X2 [9 T7 r: `
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)1 W6 U% Q& s: x( m
K8 b4 X; R4 y7 rCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) 1 H2 W5 k/ c. ?. y5 f4 Q2 P5 n' u' x; }& Z3 d* {6 g$ W" C- x# z
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)$ N' b( P0 W6 O6 \