找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值Facebook 批量上广告
尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)
IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户海外CL企业户源头
最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️✔Taboola海外户9千万住宅IP-低至$0.3/gb✅静态$4/ip
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 6861|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
" d( o' G+ A# Z9 k' M4 i. _/ B
4 A5 J4 |$ c6 w转帖9 ^4 t# r* k- N% a- }
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

0 T, @) \# a; ]$ O0 r) t4 [0 v# X. U2 o6 p
例如:5 g6 y" L" k" w: @* M" {' s  ]
5 u- l- M% S8 s+ T4 Q+ L9 b
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白). L+ |- S2 @/ a) `2 i% x% \/ z' W
' E; l) v6 R1 @/ q
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。). X3 v. E& E9 d, @/ }; q
. G& U( F! T4 S
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)  S( ~! k) u$ ?* g0 Q2 \0 x
8 r! _6 h  o6 [/ U+ ?
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
; {/ f6 i; z* W' f$ ^  D$ H' v4 M; u8 Y
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
- d; I. L! J+ d# Q# {& x
5 s  n0 x  @6 ~- CMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)+ H6 U' V/ z2 o* N: k8 e- j
5 h' Z& B/ D5 o5 F
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)' m* _. b' Y" e
  M2 \6 g' u2 o. t2 K
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
; M1 `9 ?- G; @% Z/ \. ]( Z" O
- p4 N2 t/ q6 L* _( \% ~3 `- SWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
; t  V) m' u1 e$ J: X) y+ K: N$ p  t6 |9 H/ S
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
* Z) }4 `' _$ m8 `/ R# W' S, {7 |5 b* R# d! L
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!5 I$ |6 v) k5 n2 U" t4 I7 ]
7 ?! W- E  q3 l: Y& S
4 H$ D: R! @- i/ l- B
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。5 Z5 h. I; K2 c, `2 ]

3 e) ?- `( @3 e. R/ ?+ ?) [; ]例如:
0 D) L  S* P: w8 v& S' z8 [$ v0 l1 c5 N* B5 ^* ?. b7 t3 ?" G
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
: m* n4 S3 K: [1 P9 h1 @3 B( d3 m6 ?8 k# Z" Q' Z  [. A
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)+ @+ b2 x( }' ~( v/ l% W
) N" f% R0 r& r# Z$ R  H) J
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
0 G/ |, X" f4 e1 s8 Z, F, M' {* b# `4 o
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
0 J/ s! d8 `; W
1 F6 K; i/ H+ i* I6 _( bIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually); [1 z6 @" z' J+ o( r; D
/ `* `* C6 G& e2 m: I1 `5 I* y
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
7 `: H. A6 H+ x7 m
* w# Y1 r5 \9 C2 ]' i- e6 l- \& yI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)4 A' v; U: j3 G$ ~, ]% ]' @, j: \

& p+ f' ^2 k" h* G3 A$ m+ R3 u如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
; \0 x8 w3 ?' T7 r# ^9 A* A6 J% p
1 x+ v. G& g4 jThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)! x* e4 {6 T8 s  X
( I! w5 C; S  \. `/ b/ Y
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)2 R1 J4 E3 ]5 D! f) ]0 P$ b' h

7 Z6 ?; E& O, s9 s$ v8 cHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
. F6 B0 j2 N! D* B! A  x& E; @* `- D3 M0 J7 Q% H/ M9 ?
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)( N' W/ [: S# ~0 m5 T0 y

3 C% r: C4 T7 Q' D6 D: RWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的): V0 a/ g* A. B/ s( h9 w

0 |: F3 Y) c: a1 W3 l# }# t3 _. I' \% jEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)# H/ U) w( T) ~, Z' U' q* R8 f

9 _9 W& X" d$ {( r写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
# P3 l7 U9 S% p8 ?1 F  m% o
, x8 |, T' @8 ~9 y  t/ F# d此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。- Z. t3 d! ?; F# n' o+ n

( n6 o0 l5 t# [, Z" P8 r* u/ c: `, B: X
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」
: Z) z/ y8 V) B+ A5 [
0 B( X! [" }4 v9 a  q例如:5 l* m0 D) F: p- c3 \( u
( z( m( I( W+ s0 m' {& H
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)8 V6 r' [6 ^. k0 p4 Z

- `/ A! O; @- ^" q0 `( }Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)1 p# \( ^( F) H

# D# t6 P- x: C* W7 R, s+ f' ~9 ZThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了); q4 I7 B) {) I0 P, m1 ^5 E
' w( y, o( a3 q2 }( j+ w
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
- M" f% ~+ M1 h3 s: E& O( V; i' `" a+ p1 h, Y
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)7 o& M' @9 q8 t5 @' O7 S1 q* c7 J* s- _
5 J, g2 G; W1 Q( w( P; R
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别), b2 j4 j7 V9 }6 T/ d) [; a

2 @, M( Z: F* r# t% ECongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
0 C. q& R/ ~8 }" v. L9 r
( {/ B. g  c9 c4 |Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)2 ^) I& l6 U6 |/ Z- q
. P1 R+ ]# R6 \  d$ f# B7 h
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
* D; Z1 J( t7 h7 F$ s" S& @8 ~) X6 b& `6 G5 u: ~( s
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:( o1 J3 b0 V( X$ l$ [- J, [

3 p) L  K2 Z9 o9 V9 B) U+ i5 `对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
! ]6 v6 c/ S! r8 y; ^0 W8 p1 Y& {, y! F4 w- W9 P, k9 d
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
: a% x9 @4 R$ d7 S
& d( P9 K) a5 X" L- p对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;4 t& K5 t0 E9 B2 K% G/ N( ~7 f0 M( X

2 l/ D6 D" G( n4 `, d对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
5 q* H4 t6 O! c7 e
/ W. L4 o# A- l* a7 M1 I至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:; t4 M" L$ |7 A  s; D, x2 D& s

$ f9 w7 O7 q4 }' Y% {# S" W还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。6 o6 A, U6 |# E
& A! T; ?4 v! b
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
& X  y/ ~  d! Z8 l4 v3 G

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-8-26 12:27 , Processed in 0.167567 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表