本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 7 r- f+ y. b2 `2 V% X& |
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) / S' W0 {4 X+ A* }0 A: e( j0 G! k; ^2 _5 E" U6 V0 ]; |& a/ J* V
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)7 q3 z: @3 T/ e8 n" O4 y9 X
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Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)5 k% t6 Y3 s3 o( q6 J
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 5 y+ x" y- e% n8 s% D6 P" V3 o+ V. `$ I# v @' P6 @
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 8 _/ H4 n o( a/ k ' V, g3 Z% a6 Y w8 w b4 ]I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)$ {6 i4 z5 d+ r7 I/ [0 o. f) Z
8 u+ P! K$ B; O0 TMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)5 ?* e b: w3 b$ q t
$ V. y$ ]# O2 U( WWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) # t# f7 V+ `# P( W; D2 _- L# v, u4 W' N4 Z$ ?9 H
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) : m* R- k0 `( r0 c/ q) \7 E 8 y2 C) W' _) O2 m m( e) z0 oWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) 6 D) r6 V1 q! _3 T% F : O8 I" o/ P0 s( @' \Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)( ]! M j: Q* w" T& P+ l
7 D; O2 s. d3 P这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! 2 r, b+ J2 L. V7 ^: i7 l b! |& u1 }2 w8 {: v" {0 J% \8 k: L- U( u
5 e. |, S6 E! |, \! \( e 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 # N. Q1 c" j* l* E) N4 x # s+ P. Z6 ~) H- d0 _2 y8 q1 m6 g' r, n例如:( n) R1 b2 A7 o U5 e- ?# c7 ?+ @
2 k: k- @" |8 x( QAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) + t. x9 Y1 T$ r6 Y" m9 w5 r, ?* r 3 \1 U$ j' J( lDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)4 Y1 B8 [4 ], Y" W, x9 j9 V
+ u3 B; ~ k9 GI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)$ n2 i6 k" x5 s! j
% d; b3 q% `/ e) sHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)- O& c3 R' \+ [! @4 E0 R: n3 b' c
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In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually), I& _" w& l5 r! y+ w% I
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) 2 ?# E5 G' @- w& `( Q$ P& w . v7 v+ }2 k; v9 {3 X6 \I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) % o1 D y/ v: q9 p3 X# N& l5 T3 Y- n% c, x T
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:% C, d! f$ w5 p' I, O
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The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) - @( ?: n( b* ^ 9 J* ?3 M5 ^6 h9 h' W1 UThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)% U( u# Y" x6 x/ I
- S: c5 M: M6 PHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)5 _3 G4 x& s# z/ u% z0 P3 ^, M
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味). d! c* w8 O, T4 w1 G6 M
4 J1 ] @: g: @7 V K" }) h7 fWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 0 t6 M4 Q# ~% X# o5 V: g 4 V/ r% r( \" L6 V$ K# V. l9 z. vEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)' j# A; e3 z1 M2 h% }; Q
+ J: @# Q8 S+ d0 K1 z9 |写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)" E; Y2 B# \0 R& Q- v
, Y! x! I( b: o% f6 {" _! A$ ?此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。) {) r, @. w/ ^& ?: P) i( \
6 V, H" c. o5 a2 D2 e/ e8 E1 B 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 . f! k# {% }3 D& l% H3 J 6 b- r2 d, @1 S( @. T+ ~ F8 C8 B例如:8 M- v8 t0 d) f2 X/ w% @/ v& B$ l) l
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) ' b; r, b# h9 \0 E8 M$ ? 8 S3 f( k2 H) v' N/ R1 [: WManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)/ A% _/ @0 q- X- n7 I7 k
) V5 q$ \5 }0 lThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) + g2 Z9 n8 r- V6 R+ | : ^. x9 X: o3 d# ?4 _He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 9 M- |5 U8 E [ $ }. y( X2 N* Y+ I6 g: zMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) ^5 X E" s+ a* _! Y 6 Y8 U; ?7 e1 l$ O" zPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)! P a( V# [) e+ c: X& |6 V
: s. ]# y7 }7 V9 Q% x% f0 V2 f. WCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)7 }! j2 A5 o C8 p
: g6 t' G/ q! X+ U3 c) S7 ^+ `# \: WStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)+ z; ]1 I, \! M1 S4 H$ q