本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 * N! S, U6 J+ ], \2 m
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 2 ~0 T0 I: r C/ ]. D: P& ?" P) E$ F9 \2 f1 u
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9 ?' R1 E& [6 W' ~Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)' W: s- N7 J4 O3 C; c& f% R7 b
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Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。), W& V$ X5 y; { {# Q
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)) E \3 W4 O% }" R0 N% l$ p0 g% t
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 0 n( [7 B( z9 [# B- H6 f8 L ) o; \- d) {0 z% m5 VI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) 6 z5 x% I2 _. c" g( X' ^) B: I$ g8 G3 @3 O1 T0 R' N
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)& U9 q0 [7 t) ]9 I( n) b- k0 ]$ \
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)7 D& P" n$ R" S
0 F$ J8 I% [9 TThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) / S; j1 R1 g$ M% ]0 o* x% ~* t8 S! ~' t$ A" n1 S# y. I
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。), d! S7 t) u! |+ q: O4 g/ S
\, T' C0 L% g, zPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)# B. I! K3 @; s
3 ?- [: g! k( L9 o这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! + I! `) v* w$ R5 M ; P% A# x: F- _! V# q; m0 S8 v* G+ D' X) L) A 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。3 q) @9 a, w, {) H3 h- i
4 b% K2 c j) V' e& J; C例如: - I `8 z: n6 D( o* ~1 o# m0 f" K& @, C
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)4 Z9 x! `( ?2 T- S
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) + R. O7 g4 F2 Y, A# u- v- `4 W3 U' k8 H3 x. A& g1 D
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)6 W( m* D( b' @
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He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 6 N( z$ K4 ]2 r3 t% n0 B7 ~* _# Z
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) / F7 g: M7 q" P) l4 d" z( F& D0 ~! {) I# M( \, }1 L& f2 n9 P
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) 7 [ g0 G8 O' o2 E! d; p( K5 E" J5 D 1 Z8 M2 P; Y0 b& DI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) % l: @4 M9 f) J9 r + F# D5 F, K6 z8 C7 G2 v; s$ a* w如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:, ?$ p! q/ e2 R1 J; N
& [4 J3 A3 o8 Y; nThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)5 @3 u' G: N# Q5 V* p9 R& L
# [) C3 F" r0 l" g$ p* H/ hThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) + a3 W. i$ k2 q, e K 3 u0 k0 e) X4 R4 wHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) & ]" ~, i1 ]6 s [5 h' J2 X+ }" h0 O# J2 e: b% x
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) - m4 t+ @6 a! F& w @ 2 \$ B. V! B: z6 i1 b! E$ G" {' CWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) * l0 z6 @( X$ g; e. W p0 S. \. G# t6 }0 ^( W1 ^5 [: t3 F! d) H
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) 4 f! J- ?5 E5 d" ^* V8 o, ]) Y 7 l: v/ j) W9 s g写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)6 ^7 r* e0 F& v- l
- ~0 S$ I1 T4 b: I% h/ h! `此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。0 ?$ H# o* \- k7 @! B" s7 i
9 f( C6 ^ |6 r: F) M6 _, m1 o 5 _- g2 |9 z/ Y; P3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。; i" m# V& ^5 w8 h
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) I- n8 h* A4 P. m: O+ I' ]
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Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)3 G; ^8 t3 t6 }$ Y0 b
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This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 8 r' R- d/ v% r7 x : @% W1 v+ N/ I. WHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)5 S# B6 D+ B; q5 `1 E+ \8 N+ j
[& f4 S. Q) F! M: R' ]: q9 {* tMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 8 g/ b1 j: N' N1 F. y8 y+ D 4 s# [6 H& n4 `0 f9 a1 }1 jPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 2 W1 s: r' b& p, z1 b$ K7 L1 q- R* ]* G; t( Q7 G+ l" c, U; M% s6 p
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)) r4 `/ l4 s, s9 d2 N
* L: n" m7 }+ `; p) u5 `Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。) 3 w! }* I! \3 p& F: R: l : t3 y7 C( L0 J1 n. a. R) s! R) I同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。$ |' x! ?* T0 f; I$ ~