找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌
尤里改 - FB 稳定投放【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)
IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量
FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7321|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
3 Q. g% p7 n3 f) A/ r# z1 ~( |8 M
4 I: [& R: X7 g$ e- `# `0 N5 O/ E转帖/ W! P; G+ j3 w$ i# H* |: q5 D
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
- N/ a" E9 X  @( z3 E( s
7 z* \+ d& Q5 j6 K! q
例如:
# _: ]% p3 k7 o8 k, r4 j, Q# |) k# |* i
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
) ?0 y( P8 Q! ~9 r; r6 L' L. U" A4 {/ \4 p1 u' a6 q5 x
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
1 S, b2 E2 A7 ~* I0 Y
6 M# v3 `: F& gThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)$ y. L* e* E, m: [; r, D
9 i: d$ R1 w" E8 I5 g( ?
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)( S# P7 B$ I/ o4 j# ]

$ I% J. J) C) |1 v& l0 aI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)5 d3 }. }" s) _; X

$ V. F7 w, Y) qMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
9 m+ h: s# s! y+ {# K0 Q
8 ]: z- G7 R5 lWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
+ Y/ Q/ W7 ?0 e% p3 i' J
, C) e! Y3 ]- w# k( C, gThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
5 d" D2 D8 ~4 p; a9 T# }: V1 _5 J
" M! B7 q: m+ n' XWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)2 O$ }$ S5 q9 Y& {0 Z
9 ~  d# W/ C3 ^: J. g
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
- J6 u+ X" |2 ]% T* D% B# j! B4 i4 z8 F1 b2 |, S
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
- B6 s9 e+ z) l" P8 @  b6 t9 `' X" c, K2 c: A4 i4 m2 V  C3 a
3 T7 \9 _1 V9 S) ]+ U' e" X, u' |
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。. R7 V  }9 q0 D* t8 z
$ F1 i0 F0 P4 k( ?! B
例如:, T; ~4 n# F& ?- z% p( B

8 q8 K2 h1 c; jAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)# X9 l' y/ b" J' A( x4 v
' Q" K* \; i; P9 C1 j6 a7 a) n
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)) S, J1 A; }+ P1 P* b

) [( P" W8 j7 M0 l/ w: n4 jI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
' P% E- v5 g" w, T2 Y6 N! a+ ]8 e2 f2 A& T/ M, h
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
3 }; {. x+ ]% w) r
! b+ j; ]$ }# z1 @! I* vIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
9 [% X2 m$ C1 W9 b3 m5 j5 B; U4 l+ L# L* E" Y2 n( ]
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)- @. h" a' e1 }6 m4 a% P& n
) ^) L4 q6 |( }& s7 V( v: z
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
# T7 ^1 S! }. H" v$ E+ e& v0 b
: p& O1 P% c0 j1 c/ i如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:) h" [4 o( F4 T* Y

) p4 T/ x) [9 E6 m$ X1 L7 AThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)
) M% `; O, r" U6 Q  b  r( I$ x3 v9 ~8 Q: u# X0 w
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
, S. F7 h: S. c2 T
# _9 v; P+ J+ X3 Y: d" T4 y+ E+ KHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
6 [& e  S, l; k  L9 d4 D: _7 {+ T$ m% W7 m' y, f8 [
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)2 S7 f; q8 w: {3 }+ E6 S

8 q& e6 x0 ^' r% nWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)+ @5 |) c* L2 b1 {; Q0 s1 J! y  x

; W8 }5 u0 ~" m2 I) Z2 V" {- G0 kEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
- r4 O- R* U, d  A9 F( ~2 j
* ?+ P% S, {7 r. o写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)2 H# V, k7 c6 c  c% C  R- X; }' {  v
- [1 u. ]: W! X: r1 @& n, j
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
4 I1 e5 }8 N' z8 ?- i
2 a; m$ U3 {" G: X9 G
+ ]6 n  Z% f) Z- _; w6 v$ ^5 L) L3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。7 M+ i, A- F( P& t2 X
" ^$ a9 Q! J  F8 I+ P
例如:
/ g$ K4 T% F2 O' |1 g
& U- v1 K7 Z$ d* U( b$ q$ F$ pMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
$ R# ]+ v7 X" j) D7 I' X' t' ]2 r2 j3 s0 Y+ N* G7 A# ?
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
7 H8 I6 o/ x/ u2 w
! w$ m$ n/ ~3 ]5 L, sThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)# A9 O0 b& a6 N1 M* Z
9 ?" s8 ~: U1 k; _3 F9 m
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)6 F2 ~  `5 S+ `
: P2 B7 P* Y" h6 H) m  |% H7 A
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
- k; n! P) B8 Y  X2 B5 W) t6 h% p# S( `# v6 r" p6 ~
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)$ ?( X( _8 y3 y1 {" O

) f. P4 K: @: z0 `) o4 H$ c' g0 @Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
% {3 d: s7 s; t/ h6 ]- a2 X2 q' g7 }$ j! K2 j: o4 ]
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
: {( \. d) X- O+ }; t& v) m  M- A
, C! E4 W+ x, M- O% o: q9 G同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
9 I; o7 f+ P8 n0 r. Y. R9 R
8 S- x, g8 R* \. Y/ g& e+ n当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
+ A5 e1 {1 o7 C& ^! [
2 S" V' X8 u7 l; K. f: b9 \对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
7 u) H  @. t& Q8 H3 N. D3 S- I
, {( c; _! u( N5 O! j9 N# }2 u对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;" G& F6 A3 q1 o% x
, i, r; y+ r; V( h$ D! T0 h4 m$ F
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
* M6 O8 i5 B: n. H. d! ^
* }' J' W% b: ~. b对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
. q" g* F/ M7 v" j: j$ p
8 L. V2 o6 W: [! S; K. b  _至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:2 k8 R& U5 t- e

) n3 T7 |- o2 [# d9 h6 [还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
, c6 Y% p% @4 l$ t7 _! T  p, W
6 H2 c! B$ h& A8 c2 j6 l" U. P有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。% l1 _% p3 o$ p  K( @9 p

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-23 03:44 , Processed in 0.059424 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表