本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 + W3 ~/ t" [" R. A
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)6 o1 M/ G3 n! b R* W
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 9 x0 P# E+ h, J / L7 w7 t) h) a+ z) u9 C- kThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)! q# B# R9 }9 t* u; k) R( l) }
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 2 \5 l$ l4 ]/ f0 j2 S) E1 ?1 Y' \- b8 l! W- T& j0 X( f' W* R4 R
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) . d7 B6 Q& O0 U% H7 P- f0 g6 D& g- e' W! F5 U* q
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。): ]' j; @% n3 P* j6 q, [
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)9 ~( ] p4 v: ]5 H, Q
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) 8 o6 n) \* ^. Z5 z5 ^- w) r" F8 b " }4 ~$ O$ C) h/ DThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) ' h9 v# h, z' F3 Q( X! j/ ?- f* N1 ^
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)" l0 h9 @* q3 Z9 F r& j$ V
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Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)8 `+ p- z+ U9 F
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! # r9 h4 Z2 j" a7 h" O* P* e) F5 |7 F- R2 D9 V# s1 ?% L; x
4 m2 c/ o! ?7 m7 t; g2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。/ k+ g& J2 O& l" V8 O5 i
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例如:1 V8 F# U. W5 L+ [! M; U8 J2 P
5 c* Q f7 } _6 zAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)' X( V9 s5 |$ u4 ~" [( Q
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though): b) {; G% X- {6 N: E2 U( v u
/ S0 E4 K1 Y: H# lI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) # E) s( G5 E% H8 Y1 p6 c/ c3 b$ l) V, w! d* W) f9 a
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)% p, f+ q/ A& c/ y8 o& a! [
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In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 3 V7 y9 d0 w; s+ \6 _6 D/ z* }* o# [# {2 O) y
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) + ]4 i5 K5 t6 ~9 J" C9 Z, A2 h' U3 V
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)/ Y! Y$ X$ {$ A! _! s* A
; u' a$ k* u% P, h {8 I如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: - C! F& E4 C, I! D# q+ f& w+ V - U) K |* Y4 W( {+ e% K& L0 rThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) + A l7 o4 i+ c# c2 |. A5 y9 T: M* S& e @
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) % c- }3 j) Q+ t. N9 [ 4 C6 X3 w+ l- `0 O M6 xHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)& Y8 ?+ e D1 x2 v* Q
8 ^- m. x' T! q* \# OHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)( M# @ F" R# B- V: Z
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We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 0 g2 y0 ~8 |+ t& e y$ ^4 Z' i! Z1 `/ k, Q9 D! h0 D! ~
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)3 `5 \( F: c7 \
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写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)3 P, R3 N$ V3 \. s7 m
( `+ u u. W- [此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 7 N2 F& o- k5 J& [" P/ U 7 q, G2 C: x/ M) @! S' p2 u6 p; d& J( l- n& c6 X/ Q( g 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。% K, W( I7 T6 A, i' R' M& B; T# q
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) ) ~* H3 F- L4 {9 w5 D $ @5 w/ A% t$ G/ ^1 C) H- Q( u& YManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) / G- [$ B& A j% t+ M / c( @8 E7 K$ L, l5 L- kThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)1 [4 \) M2 ^' P. J$ z
H) t# Y8 j5 q. B6 z/ HHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 8 I2 ^: a( r! ]! I \& i) {: U7 l0 o9 S8 L" N
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) , \! m, x/ a7 X- ]- A5 K( b& y " z$ |% l! Z" r3 B; p8 u8 A& ]Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)% D, V% Z* [4 }0 }
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Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)" E4 C! H7 N6 U2 Y, y8 J8 }
" h) o) K2 \ i; o& C! nStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)) e5 ~: a6 d! d, N! H