找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户
Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户
独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!
比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌尤里改 - FB 稳定投放【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费
FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手
TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头全球效果广告投放平台|Vertoz IngeniousPlex广告位出租
查看: 7470|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
$ E- E" M0 c; a2 B% n( F. K1 i+ p+ Q8 m7 N, q8 V! e5 I& B3 u! c
转帖
7 o8 y% s8 b* g' y# L) _1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
8 z2 s; t& W; }8 [1 L
6 G1 r- h% l* h/ ^0 V
例如:5 ^" E/ @+ B6 K0 a6 u1 y$ Y7 H

7 N2 o' D  a3 v9 hMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)7 }/ j$ i2 N- W( J# o7 V

0 L, L; e! [6 F' G4 yThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
; }& Q0 k, s  M  B; b% i. C0 d. g6 g8 j5 u
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)3 j8 h; e8 y) O! n  O3 ?( n

8 B8 ], J* f4 v0 X0 b4 s, n9 \The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
0 P7 o! }& A, Y
5 c/ X7 C7 I9 Z  e" e% A( M/ q! OI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)& b% f5 D% q8 U: N
0 W; D  @* t7 W) n1 ~, g% V8 m
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)8 T- K+ C) b2 c4 K3 q* O# x: s; b/ S
7 C0 Z/ U$ J- L/ W" J
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
. m' O, j3 x! o, S* p. c0 B, y2 w5 u$ n3 \
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词): d3 P+ K' i7 u8 C" n8 a0 Y; E
' }  N7 Q7 S  R' D( J4 L
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
! ^$ z" U7 q7 l0 ?5 L7 Y: L
6 l8 N" c5 r" }) s% ]( |Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)8 \4 u; ?4 q8 {. p" J

' u+ O9 U1 u. k. x7 n/ N这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!0 u# A& d2 ^& {0 G! m) [- w

: o% F  C$ k6 q9 @3 i- p  m6 N9 a; V# T. k* T- {
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。# f1 o6 u, Q5 R; s5 Y0 S& z
; p- L) w9 |0 K7 s( C/ k/ n
例如:
9 s' H/ T7 v8 Q" `0 `& {# y
( c* ?1 A  X! R8 u# z2 a' G- n" w6 [At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)) u# G; m* ]" P8 s% C0 W$ c

5 h. q. q1 I6 G1 ]. ]Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)- e9 t8 [8 P; I  X

! Z. ?; v  H. T3 O" [I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)$ p  Q. z) b) b  B! y$ t/ N$ }# p/ q, f
1 b; M4 U4 W* n: n- N& Z( p
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)( s# r# F5 h) K, v4 n0 Y

9 `6 @" K; g" j: `- g* OIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
" N; p: Z/ C' H: M' W8 H" ?* {; |/ g0 ^+ J/ d) }6 Z: b
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
4 b0 t+ @% F$ g2 `) F( X( S
7 b& m; Y+ b/ YI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
- P" s8 d& C& A( ]  ?6 f
# ^! J6 W7 ?: }# v  |如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:* G% {( K7 W6 A3 x$ U/ Z

  H% ^: {& g. H+ t; N; C5 ~8 }, P; |8 zThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)
0 p9 N! @3 b, M/ E8 W. _' |& W
5 n7 `; {+ i# i8 U, _0 GThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)) R/ Q- C3 B! \/ ?
" y9 U) q+ ?' I% U0 F; k
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
0 f# d% R* c) d3 J0 v- r
0 I! k# ]2 p% s8 T) m3 v, o& N: ^2 UHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
7 b6 N4 Y2 Z( u$ O7 Y: `* p) a/ [2 D4 O0 K" M" q/ Q& K% N
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)# P9 V# M, [3 S
; a( P7 E+ Q9 N3 H9 `
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)  S. R4 k! x; f2 ~5 ~" ]: P8 a
, R" H1 n1 b4 L+ L
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
' W8 S! \- E* L* b% C0 \! T7 v# X
9 i/ c8 b( q# Q; l0 f1 Q此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
: Q; b! @9 z  N, c9 z3 Y) ~9 J/ K& R9 l3 }1 Q/ G( P6 \; T

0 y5 C* S: n" `3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
, X( w. F! y; j3 g
( B& [* o; W+ a  e例如:4 ^9 z% L% H5 Z* D

5 }! J4 V. @: A$ q" MMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)" `0 u( n- U# M9 x, L) M

) q( T0 D7 l+ s  I& i' i! a; tManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)0 S, L" \0 ^, V

: M4 q6 D" g1 G% p& q: OThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
& }/ v& y! r9 g3 N, r
' _& }0 B9 R8 B, [He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)7 M6 D4 `- P/ {( [$ d4 u0 C
0 O+ B: o% c9 p' \( |9 q- P, o
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)1 x- N: f3 A  Y) @
# v7 \, u% H) N4 \  O7 p9 a& R
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)# f0 @$ P' ]% w& t9 L
/ [8 [$ P5 D" u, J0 |0 Q6 g
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)- n% p; W) t: M  ?

6 X7 `9 o1 i5 v# oStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
- A, I& G* f# p* H: J: w: Z" p/ R7 ?1 e4 f* E' e! y" ^& L
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。; ~! W3 p2 I9 b2 R( \

# J: k3 }! C2 ?; ]: x7 Q2 g4 X当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
" \/ ?) a3 @  M- W% @: B8 {4 \  y& k1 F3 |7 M  z% T
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
* P1 ^! I! Z; ^8 m+ ]. v
# r4 o) |' L: p7 a, y5 X$ a# I对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
) g: K, t& r1 V" f0 M) k- j" n1 a- l1 d- k/ P; B! O! z
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
, Q0 t7 }3 ?& }- `) F" d8 Z( M, \8 o: [2 X9 H# S' ?* b" x$ d: e+ d1 i
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;4 r( ?) H: _6 p0 V% W
( I" e" b/ v, P5 L- `9 d8 N9 b  F
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:7 e/ p) G; ~8 ^8 K

! }  K8 j2 p1 p! F2 C) f9 r( o% H还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。+ k6 U! M+ r+ o% j* g4 t8 a9 X

+ o0 @0 n8 b  G: @; c2 z有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
0 {" }' N$ X9 M( u8 f  e, y8 f

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-11-8 21:00 , Processed in 0.061637 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表