本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 4 z0 W, z& Y0 H) l
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) / R5 o, C2 e5 m- c( S/ t& s1 [2 c+ _$ U9 Z
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白): {0 {" v$ K1 i- _ p5 t
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Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) * W6 o) u6 _( d; _& F: m [, [. B# ~, d& ^* D) H! i
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)+ T% J; u- V S6 r$ m
2 O+ |/ C& q S5 M9 xThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)" E5 e3 [6 D: t0 o& d" l
# Z- U* s1 K% _; S1 p) p; N) |I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)6 B8 t- [% O2 ]. q
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 1 z3 Z# j/ O( t$ v9 d 3 f6 |% f! R' @6 FWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)2 Y9 f$ x7 L: C
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)* D5 t1 t6 I( v F! z
8 Z6 I& {3 @) |1 |We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) * W+ U9 G2 E: ^3 G: D1 n ; g3 a+ |$ I3 y4 e6 s' s5 uPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 9 L6 v+ i5 d) R1 G- _3 S- S * \, h9 W& p2 ~ t这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!$ V! |/ l3 w- J2 h7 f, Z, E4 J7 J7 u
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, \% X- O: N+ z/ n5 u D8 }2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。$ R( z* u; }+ F; H0 F# A
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) % A" S. V0 p5 T6 c! g9 G& p7 Z/ `' E
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though): f( `9 ~! C: A4 G: s3 z5 P% _% p8 j5 P
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) : r7 N& \6 i) H" Z4 u4 L ( J" P6 b+ H# u6 ` U2 aHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 2 {, J( g3 P! H2 Y7 g 1 Z9 y }, n5 DIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)" k! _2 r9 n, R# t+ D/ H
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)& h' F5 h" F, l" Y; }
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 9 |- }* [5 y3 {, Y2 \ ! h5 b8 Q0 j+ J+ g+ T% f& {如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: : v/ p9 p4 r& f3 Q7 E: I1 K; D; F2 P" W( t- G: M% A( H
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)1 X6 `' F1 U3 I" e- k
% W+ x$ r3 D" M4 \The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 6 ?6 d+ _" @! ?. ^0 ?9 | . P8 v9 i% @! i8 G7 s+ G- zHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) # }; H# f2 `8 ]5 G8 n! d6 V$ m# f, a' T
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)- D, ~+ V6 ]7 x
% f3 p3 N* w* e, a wWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) : q$ d$ W; [6 @$ O \% T& u# I7 h: w3 U* L3 [
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) $ [7 u5 B9 w2 `3 T $ ?$ k7 [% I, W* M写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)6 H6 u0 Q# t) u+ V5 Q3 L0 o
' S5 V' j6 I8 f此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 ( h& \3 e% d7 ?* I |- D2 P" x4 P # H( u4 N+ ]( v 7 v" {6 I$ h" f. q" C. @! h3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。: j$ @! U/ F3 ^; S
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) " f& O2 |. @: S: n3 i, s$ {0 I
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) ) \6 D# J/ _. u$ p0 s - [7 k" z! b; M( `This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)6 l1 T* T/ ]1 n5 w6 v
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)1 E [* ?8 ?( e9 ]- ]" M& l
c0 @7 S0 A: Z8 C/ _Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。): f. Y0 D. g8 B# m# h9 j J. y( X
3 E* |* Z) A; g l$ j: UPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 2 [5 i: @ ?/ \2 y& C: K( c, k) P" W- B* E) M5 n. u0 @5 ?% H
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) 3 o+ q+ e6 }% Y" g 8 x' P5 Y. ?+ c f# RStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)0 j9 e3 D Z* S& L