找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPTK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量
FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7262|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 4 j$ W) g# v& `+ l6 o4 t

+ H8 y; `' U' Q/ p转帖
0 \& G. \5 F6 a8 x4 f6 G1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

, l0 O; N! o3 y
2 P& `, j( r( N& y# {例如:
  D" W) y. C4 E+ a: E( ]/ A5 o# p" V+ o  U  p5 x5 R/ [
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白), T" ~# c" k/ h) G1 z

& b& l2 X5 r7 A& j/ q9 y! ]$ s/ X; GThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
" W' G$ S! F: ]; ^
9 z; x9 x; l5 l9 _# Z8 UThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
8 d1 d- a; W+ W5 r! X, p
" F9 n7 s7 f6 K2 M+ ]The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
# m3 q% A; _8 U& N
) r, T! _; x+ s& QI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
5 V- G6 l3 ]) R% N6 F2 p
+ g& N& B  l1 g9 GMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
: q- Y3 {+ Z' p. V+ r
1 E7 u+ `1 k1 k1 m$ n. ], a- GWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
( P& {$ @/ n) |+ {0 ?6 c
& r4 `$ e8 L* l  }& ZThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)0 Y6 ^( O; B9 d7 V5 {

! i1 F4 w* |* Z" \0 _) XWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
2 u# z3 s3 O4 N: q1 \, Z! p' y( Z# O' O' {8 j& h& W
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)* V& z, k+ k7 p# r) r

5 ~' _' x$ d# h+ j" B7 D这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
' d' M& ~+ d2 A  B3 ~) E) A3 H/ h" `+ m; I

# z. Z+ @0 N6 k: ?( R% B& k2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。4 u! }8 m4 j' B1 L: V

1 S# S3 i; _; K; Y% d例如:
& l! [, q3 V' @9 @( t
- L* ^! X) k& `! K2 W: DAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)9 X) h1 l* z: I2 a/ x
3 O& M9 P. Y  a3 u2 d& s# s- Q- ?; b
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
  P( J' R" `! ^. f5 |% u0 F
# }0 H! z! R3 MI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)1 c6 r2 f8 h6 j
+ Z8 W8 D, s6 O4 w
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
& \& t# s2 J- w9 K5 H: N2 h/ R0 k5 H3 f7 N* N  \4 O
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
" ^1 n, W0 G: X
6 m! V( {4 r1 m- PShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
  ]# p: @7 f( F1 t2 W( _0 i( ^8 u" G. K6 R  ]6 z+ H
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)) R8 x7 A# o9 ~

4 n$ r( R) i' Q- e' n; T" i4 X* j3 _如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
! N2 D2 R. }/ l4 I! `& O, p0 f/ e8 {. B% l
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)
7 Q) S' Y9 Y# f- r9 o& w8 \4 d
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
2 N) e- v% N% E  b, a4 s, Q' O# b( c+ d- s- ^: K
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
  U' w8 c  w% X( r& _: l" z& b7 I- i; ?' j1 G
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
) _; [; Y) D( M' U. H+ A/ B$ s! k$ |  Q- J' G& \& y
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
! _, T' Z; J7 I! r% Y, |6 n" }9 y
) \" E3 M6 k7 U) L# rEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)) d. z4 g: P+ |* L  c$ K

, X. }* M% g' I. q4 \. M写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
: p: r  }. ^& }4 w+ g; @- g, [4 @
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。: e# X/ T% Q; L4 f, S5 E. w0 [) G3 T
* g9 n6 m5 }- \: E9 U0 s  h: T
! M$ A% q0 l2 H% P' Z+ }+ a
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
) f- O+ D3 U; c+ O) X( c7 e5 ~3 U5 K  c: J1 H7 C/ [
例如:: J9 J4 r) S0 K; T( I) V1 |
' m5 o( \; Y, |6 l
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
6 W  K" x# i- @# E2 ?. D& h, a5 P9 _+ w
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
. E& h0 @* R! X& Z( A8 S# e3 w4 B6 h5 m7 k" P( W
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
4 v5 P) H" Y/ P4 y
) O1 V- s3 @. U$ W* w/ VHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)4 Y9 x1 }7 R. K' t' Q

6 j3 r1 L! m9 G+ M7 [' P5 cMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)1 U1 o4 {9 t9 y( r- x, d: n
% u( f# D  [: ~4 P$ Y, C. X9 ?
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
# ^/ N, y5 I  ^& X" |  v- \7 r6 g. \& A
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
+ X7 i; X* z2 z1 v( r
6 k* C0 K# l: e* I' T+ IStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)  X  K* c; v9 i7 m

, W. N: b, p$ [& s9 r( O同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
- Q: |, p- }" C1 [! }5 i. ?( [
5 s+ F# v1 R5 c# F6 {当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
7 i) u) m  X6 K
3 o, u0 n. R( W, g对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
& W* D; s* F  ]' F4 r4 a, q8 E* M3 P6 E7 U/ x
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;9 y9 F# S: \+ m& Z
5 G0 b& i  @  J9 `$ G" N
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
2 r; M% B5 h. r' d2 P/ e* G; L+ E1 J$ ^5 {0 f9 v0 `% p  i
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
3 x8 z$ `9 ?$ s9 v  v% b
. j6 t" w& ~  V- I, b至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:: M  }! {. @. e- S
5 h+ [; x" V: }* e: f& B! q
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。( }8 x' ?& M& T1 `% ]5 B0 |

8 O2 h' X+ ~  b4 x, R" D有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
9 \6 f6 L$ z/ D7 [. c

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-15 10:12 , Processed in 0.064702 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表