找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️AdsPower:安全不封号,高效自动化⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!
比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款
全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)
FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手
TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️
FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇域名防红⚠斗篷工具/可试用3天⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️
比特浏览器+云手机 |防关联防封号Facebook截流, 1 次点击 2 次曝光广告位出租8500万高质量住宅IP,助力各种需求
虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构   
查看: 6506|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Deepclick
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
  z& e) a; _2 Q! N0 F) g. N/ G- c. Y7 i# V$ m: ^8 k
转帖
, S2 d) v/ N! n3 ^8 m1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

  T* d1 U7 [' ?6 G3 t$ x# o$ \$ A3 a# S5 }! d' M6 ?/ c! T1 P! E
例如:0 B5 v+ _" w4 j5 X- c! _$ V! l
- p+ i; E) L. E7 ~3 k% A
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)& ^7 ]+ R* O- @) x8 O6 v

7 ~9 ]1 B4 ]2 v6 t' k8 u" b2 EThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
, U/ M* [0 G1 n2 N% @* I5 O& l! S3 B/ q
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)3 v! G& f0 l, x$ ?3 W
" P+ r4 q- c/ s8 E
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)/ v# I' Y5 ^5 T1 k

4 x5 R: c- S2 k/ Y* G  }I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
- s4 u) f& b5 S1 p( o
1 ~# C& j' W7 Y+ QMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)( g) n$ [, z! T% k4 X( C9 z

9 w! p1 |+ z( f0 K3 kWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!); G  O- q: n4 }" J
% o! s% {6 I& |8 I+ y
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
( a2 [" I' p; V4 U6 e- N
# L- e1 b: g" o) A9 |* v. T3 K2 y- TWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)5 K$ O; r& B" p) p3 w& H' N- H
% j" E- g! X9 M% m- c
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
! S! _2 O9 `3 u) R2 n" F
" T5 @0 n9 J. I4 S3 J7 A! E5 _; f这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
% S! K, a& M( a( I8 J1 c# l3 G. s( |' ~8 p1 _' D2 l& d
0 E$ l, j, }6 W# @0 s- J9 l
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。% V% _7 J, t, @' Q. s2 D  O& A5 G

% o& J: i% C/ x5 ?8 i例如:+ P4 J+ n1 {' r& S7 W

' x6 b8 ]# X# RAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)- h4 c( L0 R9 V. N# f! k/ n& g

( |3 }/ y) G/ t8 e: e1 i. DDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)$ `' b0 f( _- a; Q% W- n
" R2 T: _# h- ~3 c+ w
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)- N8 j& N' ?! b2 U

4 D2 F2 ]' i" R7 C& V2 q3 n$ ]8 cHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)7 ~7 j% j# S& A
# J3 v8 W: I! }( f: Z6 ]# V' T
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)! d1 C: R% D: c4 u. e/ m: n

6 Z! e. X) N( y0 _1 C9 DShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)2 g, m% s: U6 v! A2 Y5 H
$ U$ a( f* \' f5 e( Q4 s( H2 a
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)0 R4 v' R+ A: r; N4 t- p3 i% ?  L
6 Z+ y1 I4 a: |5 A
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:) m& W8 v* E1 C

' O+ c# C- |6 B/ oThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)5 o0 s3 t+ _: ^! {3 W. a8 r

1 H+ Z5 a# |6 z4 gThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
; I8 L0 i5 Q7 Z5 _$ V( Q; ?( q: y1 }7 {- }  k: E
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
5 O! b( f8 E4 T8 g- `2 A0 t% I3 C2 T" b# j( f  Q) x
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
, j5 D  @# j: g/ O4 X: w- c! d0 A6 z; p6 B
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
; m/ {/ r, {7 z( S6 [9 j: l  H% V  ^& d0 x  f8 W7 z& y# w
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
) G" g& \! B4 W3 o, j# t% ~* c  b2 a: P8 m7 J' }
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)5 o+ ?$ o0 h1 S7 ]8 Y

! {, t# Y& l) }1 ^$ w/ H此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。6 D, j% b* Q4 E  b
9 A0 Z3 f# y6 ?- F) h9 P, U# L

  `  {' X8 o" q( l  {/ K/ t* x3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」
  [  N4 I7 L9 W) s/ Y! o0 p/ F8 q4 J; P# C* @9 f
例如:
7 H% \) _- ?0 e4 y
0 Y7 T0 H: i* V) aMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)1 s+ Z' [; D2 W% j4 R
# j% _2 l/ o* |0 b: E& e
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
, G6 Z9 B/ g* [
0 W' B: R( `& @" v3 I1 G: O3 Z% RThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
/ P+ H8 }3 ?* V. q# k, S( \) R. D% j! N7 T4 G
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
. U* i- S' C: z2 F" _: @  ^/ c0 F0 `3 E  T# ~
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
. V" M. r0 i- L! a" Y
+ _. M0 [9 F* ]8 L. Y# [( R" ?Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)( {# K1 Y2 n5 k; q% Y% J7 E

" `  E! x1 |; _- U1 }' sCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)# ]6 ?. P7 k3 S+ N  z9 D! U2 S

& O' G/ m8 T7 ?, z8 r7 L( k/ OStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
; Y8 \& w1 I! U5 y! O' K0 e& ]0 L
. J2 D. G4 G+ A. w3 M  Q同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
' h1 a  g5 f+ {4 ^+ b$ A3 Z! \2 _
/ N# I  Z9 u' g1 k3 t% }& L当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
5 m. Q* i% ^7 B7 @8 }: T4 t/ o& n1 Z' X% z/ U' e
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
3 S; L& c/ R. \
! n& v/ o6 P9 W9 U: H8 S7 s2 m3 s对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
5 B3 a) i" p. m4 C* Z/ [. z8 D+ k8 ]9 \
2 I, j7 u, a" U# Z/ i7 |$ q对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;! P' M6 F7 t5 d

8 c6 I! ]/ G* U; I: E/ V1 n! v- Y8 D对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
5 S' S8 W, H$ @
3 d- ~. I$ a" u4 X1 o至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
& B, J' b8 z) s: ?* y8 i
! \9 k. U) g5 P6 s还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。) w& f+ f* [! ~) W+ \- c8 v
) i/ e) I% h, Q% |6 O5 B
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
: M! J$ ~- V+ l

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-7-12 07:20 , Processed in 0.050227 second(s), 18 queries , Gzip On, MemCache On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表