本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 / g2 W0 x! _1 p* B" b
0 x# E9 J4 o) r, W) q9 z- D转帖 , {$ a- d6 V s5 Z* g$ ]% A' e# d1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 2 J6 A/ U' m* y4 k1 G+ L' u5 a- w) o, q
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: w7 N. X, r( g! [1 s% OMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 6 A1 e9 w M9 F9 V) c; d+ `/ x/ W" {/ }3 ]
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) - M' w8 A8 _3 @7 u1 t. f+ p5 O% v
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)! ?( @- |" V* J' g; C
( X) n- z! H1 |9 XThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) + R; ^0 b! l+ L+ ^: H; `- L; v; ~; I
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。). B/ U' T! U* w( k5 J
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) . z! O8 C8 f$ D" E" X- `& {8 w& v4 B# r7 ~, |& `
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)2 t, Z6 ], r, x$ i
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) 7 v$ e, K9 D) C7 h0 @1 L% E' K( C7 V& A9 O
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) . C; B. I) a3 g$ o2 {# [% V5 C7 d1 W- k. W1 s
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?). R- S6 J+ U* _% P
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!/ C/ z G+ n" T4 M% { N# s
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$ D( Y6 _! B( |4 d3 |* I: F2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 + ? ?5 m L; i9 p& f I3 Y' C7 [, u% [5 R7 S5 \# @& y
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# ^% [, R0 K7 K% uAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) * Z2 ~% U7 b# E! ?7 d9 [' z) Q $ D; I. ]4 Z% T5 r3 h) D6 kDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) ) v5 F" V8 S5 a! J# a6 \% O9 P9 t+ X1 _# ^+ A8 W
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) ! f2 t/ Y5 Q9 ?) ^! H5 y8 z& _ . g+ {1 U$ o$ @1 d* p( HHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)/ A4 U+ a" h4 g. S x2 p2 O
9 Z, V. m; |( T x; eIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) - b- R: M0 B }1 d/ T8 K* n) B: F H; d2 p/ T8 H" ?
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)& U+ F+ X/ `% B1 L, s3 \
u' B% A# I+ i: S3 q9 F+ l" p1 X- KI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 4 I5 P, R; U$ I( z! G8 ~' F# f( J0 K' Q9 ], b
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: ) E' W- G- S% z+ G3 u: ?3 A5 U, ?1 m- A! ^1 P
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) % o, y! `' L8 y9 k0 m : T$ f9 D- E/ j- fThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)8 J& C" S2 l1 `* P1 e. Z
7 \( s: S7 f* d) ^ F. U+ `He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。), i$ |+ B, ?* d6 t- b
! v8 n6 L$ t; o0 ?# n+ pHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) & J$ k7 Q# h/ n$ l* [1 g : ~; V2 K1 Z) g+ r5 R" [We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 8 y- m; Z; H3 |; D a; n( T* h" e
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) , i8 ]+ \8 F4 K0 n- o! S2 B, i' S( N* v, t, k
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)7 I2 r( k3 E" Q! \
3 \& R' r% c& ]5 x) _% l+ G# ^此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。! ]7 ~, a/ o+ Y1 e h( ?" J
. u! B3 s1 v7 J, r3 `( ? 2 ^; c$ p6 @6 _) ?& g/ b3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 # j6 T. p, Q' X: z+ o- k; J o$ ~6 C
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) y% L% e, o: [, b3 m+ y 6 E' \1 N8 ~8 G F3 B( PManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) 7 ]& n; S, c a& h4 B$ S" S8 @. q7 m. ~( X& p
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了): M' F2 m8 O3 G) }# D: T
1 l; `4 d* x9 b$ I6 w8 J( xHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)( Q8 j# J. M" ^
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 3 ~5 v. g" r5 o# S3 |7 M; `2 Q- ]! D
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)- u% j @" e9 Z
" B; L, l; c7 L' d- V/ y: uCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)9 \* o: |' o8 d$ E
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)( z. [3 e0 ? x4 Y U