本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 & x; W0 i# t: D$ R! J
! D. e& ^6 [! q( N! [+ o9 w. C 转帖 7 V/ O! U8 P: r1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 3 E. z( g. t4 K+ E$ D" k3 R5 ]3 M5 b+ q. i
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) & Q# k/ e2 M% t6 p+ A/ s q5 w8 N7 j5 Y3 d; {4 O' d
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)3 C" l8 q3 N' Y+ ^ r
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread): I E: i6 H. u+ h" N
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 4 |/ _, y4 t: L$ c $ A+ P' s/ p! gI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。); Q# x& ?$ g/ v# v/ h) i0 b
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) ' [+ t- A7 @/ ^7 F8 |; x" x+ `" @ X8 \/ U% d9 y
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!), _5 a& `& _/ P H
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) : x' ~- o$ y6 m. ^, [+ r7 N3 M , Y' n$ D0 N* y9 \- A+ m- gWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)/ p' M9 ?8 d7 e7 t) ^( z3 X8 n7 }
( @% _. S$ E1 a& ePlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)# ?. e+ q9 {& {8 W$ f
# [& u. V% T8 _# L这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!8 n; C. e* m0 E( f% z( Y
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+ u/ m/ L$ z. Y8 O( K, Y1 X! n* G 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。9 `7 d, g8 P3 {3 [4 t2 b! j2 m. H
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)- P9 L5 {% K* E4 H7 Q
% n4 c/ F' A8 q! X; j: ~Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)' z' X$ S: c, Q7 \
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) / X2 e9 i* W3 K2 C4 o2 e7 \! c( W! J/ a$ a6 M, Q; u
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) ! w/ Z; z! D+ E! x( h0 V8 ^3 Q+ P$ s% ~! L% U$ Y# K3 _6 Z. v
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)0 v) Y6 @, A6 @ M/ ]
2 C3 ?' O. y1 x8 LShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) ; K% `5 h( v# B- F 6 L- s) i. z4 ]4 g+ J+ v: s6 VI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)+ a! p' h6 `, P ]( \9 C
1 \2 L. C1 W o$ K' d s如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: ) Q$ \1 b3 P* H( }( W# T2 ~5 g0 I, o8 h* a( |3 Z m- @; Q0 E
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) 3 a6 `# Z; {# z: T" j6 S ' H$ E; n9 @1 Y- N7 _; @' JThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) ' w! N- n3 m8 L( H. d1 L8 j5 W, k3 Z; l3 J' m+ o" O
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)" t; m) u( N; d* G' v" X
: e8 N6 i% e% a; WHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) ' M8 Q2 D4 }0 q4 ~9 h+ \7 v ' j, B/ `2 H! I4 e6 G: M/ TWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的): u9 Y9 E R3 W9 g
8 \% D. q" F8 [1 dEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)8 J4 D* l- n, b1 M( k6 U+ c+ a
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写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 1 N+ R8 d6 s8 j* [& t2 S 5 T5 f L/ c4 ~, S% Y9 _此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 8 L# q4 J% Q$ Y" o# p6 |, ?8 R1 ?4 G+ O; E
6 T1 E! n( }# O2 Q. I2 z3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。, G# W5 ]% P3 R( w
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例如: ) K% T4 c, `& W 6 v, U* b* C2 h% l8 kMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) 7 d( m ?' x8 H # ?1 ]8 [# b$ p2 CManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)) F; V# w0 A% i* u4 B. r# E
* i( s, H9 L [4 F0 IThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)& W* L* d8 h+ `. R t, s0 }
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) & R: X7 e) ]5 H% ^ E9 P2 l) Z4 b+ k& Q+ E6 W/ H+ i8 TMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)' u: d& H4 e9 {5 C' E4 v9 x. U
# ~0 o; I5 m; Q R7 M! a( L8 Y. EPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) - G0 t. C5 E1 k% ~7 d / X9 n6 _. E2 [+ i+ QCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives): O5 T- y# u+ ^
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)& P1 t l* N2 f9 F/ M