本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ! c1 o7 t2 u+ A/ ]- s
& O+ ? ~! f8 s/ f0 Y& n2 `# V转帖 " k5 f! o2 z) I' R1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)! }: r! u j' d9 o) R
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)1 b. z' K& I' J0 w# I# _, g! q' J$ R
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Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)9 m [+ }& X& b9 ~
j( |8 W! y' m# oThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) ' v& s0 j' l) K2 [* A1 `. b( [) i/ Q* _0 F& C
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)+ J: ~3 N4 w& j/ n4 |
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)- q" V, `' n& N/ O
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)4 R0 K4 i+ B5 N1 U5 {
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)& D8 X5 _, f8 \; ^3 z: z
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)) d* r3 J/ r; f4 O9 H& s
) J4 K( ^5 s! ]8 ^+ ]3 f% c; RWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) 4 V2 I7 j' V; B+ Z0 Y) W5 Q/ N7 X$ I; B! k3 H% g* [
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) ' | T5 \/ T$ t% T! c Q+ r v5 @4 e1 ?4 Y5 C
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! + J3 h1 W3 Q8 ^; J( t1 v) d* u 8 u/ h' V0 r, C9 v # m; `( Y. ~/ @* ^. g- }& d Z" c2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 : W9 F* ~) Z G0 b9 R; A" k$ s
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) n& D! A5 E; K8 e7 M* n$ _9 }1 ?) S/ r8 q
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)0 M. n5 P( ]6 |
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) a! T; e& H, l4 F( m5 t8 I, l0 l2 o3 _, x2 O
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because). X8 t- o- t, U- p; F) m
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In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 8 p S' n% \8 `0 Y5 B! @2 W y3 n6 A6 ]
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)! e W) \" Y( N2 E/ \, J
5 W" d& z+ i; B* e" Q7 ?! @- LI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) + }3 H. x/ Q8 ~' [" I( \1 S 5 _* N; v- b& J, _2 f: o如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: 0 ^) u* f3 r) q7 s3 r- v! T0 p& s3 V& h
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)& p' e% T1 u7 i9 h3 j7 [
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 8 y; W8 B6 }0 T+ _9 U . ]3 q2 o& u( GHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) 2 Y8 t* G0 f( G6 F' J7 H: w& Z. a. w
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)$ \: B1 l0 D: P* x$ ]& f; Q
5 {6 x/ J, ]5 m8 m9 {8 D+ VWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)2 i" l1 J, E+ y5 V
) T, ]/ U5 `0 h4 U, r2 t# AEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收). ~" Y9 K9 g6 R5 R( u0 c
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写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) : y! q* l3 V N) u+ @6 ]3 J5 Y0 ]% P* \
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。+ ?8 t+ N Y4 T
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: J, C1 k6 P4 a( ^1 V/ P, I 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 8 y# H- m- }) }4 k l+ T" k0 ^0 x+ J% ]: K7 f
例如: 8 Y' H% w, c Z - T \+ }2 U H( t- K/ S9 KMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) ' o5 t# P1 E( i- W9 q - [" x4 K$ r D( GManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) , L# V4 |/ l7 T6 y- W , S1 N! e4 q( v4 G; \4 TThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)' v5 P2 G" U$ h
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) * i8 W) ~2 X% z8 y3 ^) F- i" c) _0 d4 x/ ?
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)% _, [& {0 H: ~ Z- E
+ P5 v# {$ w3 b% ]& R3 b& q. kPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) ! a& A' H" k. G7 A# [ 6 }# G! o1 _& [3 w2 @ _Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) 5 E0 g1 Q/ ?7 r* y& O5 w f% d+ R; p( L7 K/ C) ~3 Q4 Q/ r" V
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。) 5 a6 M) V4 b3 A% V1 K; K+ Q* u8 o) I' e4 I/ J- M* F" I
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。5 U. a. ?+ B. L/ g6 J: D, n