找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌
尤里改 - FB 稳定投放【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)
IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量
FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7312|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ; \( A5 M% I  Q' }# j  ~

# l. t: N0 P7 U6 w/ L转帖
' l2 e* K- c# k5 s7 r1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
& K' o. b9 z6 t
1 Z1 A' `! z  U
例如:
" w+ h0 d) ]( y
8 n' S8 L/ b# U+ P1 k; u  q! ^Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
! P* P0 S; L, P6 c. t  A# s$ w) n3 z$ ~' h8 I+ q) g9 @4 f
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
+ q( X% O- F  I$ _% [  b4 C/ q6 l% D) |) m. y
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
* `6 O1 u2 U: _, B* L4 K. O5 V
8 g$ I+ v4 w; WThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
! F  L7 i& H$ I4 I! W6 O$ o8 B) L
" F+ z! V' @0 E9 n2 M* V6 G4 `& VI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)9 K$ w, G( x% {: V* `" W  ]
" K9 n4 E# n; k7 [7 n, U3 `
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)# z6 w' T0 }; F6 o" Z7 {

5 r' Q. _: L: e7 j. H: fWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
# U' J4 G7 `0 ]- p, W3 t
6 i: Z) a0 s% B8 y9 u. a5 FThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)/ O( G3 [/ d6 f
# y. r1 n$ E9 s- L% g8 w( y
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)) ~8 T4 n- t( \' C

, q: f9 G" F' E7 rPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
9 G! |7 N  [* f4 u+ r; t. J0 _2 S
. v2 ~0 y9 `/ l4 i这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
, O" [7 T1 i' }
9 q+ o- \6 a" Y8 q+ [0 f4 Y" z3 }4 A: N  g2 \* f& c; H
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。, |  e* W6 g7 P. i3 |4 ~
8 s( _/ i8 L$ w; K% g
例如:, J+ o2 t7 J# S7 }- |+ ~

- H% v9 ~7 P6 z4 B" T9 P/ s4 Q3 t2 PAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
% |+ [% b3 H) Q$ P% q
: h: v0 Y0 @. w# Z; c) A/ `: b; _Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)2 S) t# ~1 `7 [6 a4 m0 Z" g
& L4 _+ h: C* G1 B
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)9 ?- M3 x# ]" J* Y0 w
0 p! I3 N$ W. z+ c
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
' x" D3 A1 h( l! Y0 C5 o) S
7 g7 K+ W; A7 Y5 ^1 V* HIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually): S! @  h) |1 r+ N; p7 O' |

. _; L3 t; O  ?0 \She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
) l/ s# P% j' r# r/ M! F% H2 H5 ]
! _( F: Q1 t3 L) I) PI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
1 p5 \( k* o5 j& x6 x# U/ P( B8 T8 {( W; F
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:. v" e5 @4 ?8 ]! `! Y, e
1 H9 x6 R, P3 O, }, v
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)# G2 C3 t7 R  p
9 B+ w2 H$ J( {! O2 F* ?! G
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)6 [( T+ E1 B' u/ ^: ?8 \# h& j" s

) P$ v( g' e5 o8 D% WHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
& J, u* H# b, X% l
' a; \" s$ w4 }- PHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
. n4 ]3 }2 c: Y  U
: l8 j3 x* ]( \; }We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
9 P9 \. r7 S* E6 L+ Y6 q
3 w+ T. Z# K8 i. Q: uEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
: q7 c2 K2 `: D" S, d4 k# _- q% E( G. S8 _
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)4 }8 a9 |" n  r* b: v" [9 d# i8 o

; x5 v$ ^+ N0 ~& s+ E" a此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。# k' r; C! g) w8 k$ u3 W0 G9 \
' h% d& K7 O, w2 G% D. H
/ d9 U( L& ~( T. g2 X; ?5 S
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。8 e) O" k+ {+ j) D4 X$ z9 P: w/ R( {

" h( f( |; q2 O6 V# _例如:3 N2 m( H0 u7 T, O8 `5 W% v

  X8 F5 b$ A# R1 wMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)' m( E" s$ ?/ r. {9 u

1 v1 j. ?2 {* D- ?: iManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
1 i+ t+ ^* }" D1 \+ v5 D, S9 q2 F6 U% x* d' |
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
5 B+ @) P" x/ _6 x
, I* z( U7 R$ n0 }" j- \* YHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)0 @. I& q& C: i3 N- t
+ \7 u5 X5 y1 T( _9 b1 V
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
4 Z9 b; d4 k& \3 q5 {" e
8 n3 l3 t* |; Q! }# |% m+ U5 tPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)4 |5 E3 D7 y- Q' V' T
+ h' @& l8 q( Z
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
" w% ?) |9 ~( W3 [- t7 \
; `% r- {6 }- OStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
3 x4 Y: b  F+ v" A3 n- ]) g
+ Q! M; T) ~0 J! s2 b% `同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
6 y, [0 D/ {4 a$ F0 G' t# ^2 P; f% T
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
& ^- a' \1 _9 k1 B% a# X5 V1 @, c* w" w- P
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
  `$ f1 e# D1 ^+ x* Q6 ]7 i0 f/ j/ a: D3 I* {# a( |
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;* o% u9 ^' R8 `7 ^, v' c

; j" I: r' W9 x* \对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;6 Q; }0 U, o# S

: ~/ `3 T% j! K+ ^2 F对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;9 R( Z. j* I) ~# ]! U4 E
" n* R, {) x& @
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
) M8 u5 k% m+ P* Z
$ O' C( k7 Z/ c( _, Y, Q还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
8 C  V0 X, H2 C1 l5 m: D- ]5 g$ o" `( S# u
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
, G/ `, @, f4 a

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-21 18:25 , Processed in 0.074342 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表