本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 : J7 ~, U, Y+ F- m( i8 C3 Y
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) / E# r( v ]5 S6 l7 i( T 6 L2 ~7 Q9 ^# |: N9 d例如:% f0 ^- F$ R4 U0 P! P e
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) n- y3 |( ]7 ?* O" T+ Y% w- ^& |4 W8 }* m- s4 j
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) 4 B3 y: ^2 O" y5 B; C$ O- y 3 [3 W! O1 T0 r/ S, eThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 4 n; d# M; Z6 H0 x) Q9 _' |) z# t( p+ q: T0 G
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?): _( b, t& J9 N8 m3 \4 b
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)' F* i0 k) o9 D- |( y- s% I2 S+ c
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Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor), u# H+ }1 }' K3 ?$ ~& I1 B5 M
% n0 {5 h% s- j3 }' F( lWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)' w- J; v% H, O- M% x- X" I
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词): N" [6 x! Q( |! I
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We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) . P. O6 r( s! q3 N/ B) s; v' Y7 o( f* ^$ v8 ~
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)0 h& p$ B) ~) y2 I. s# C, J0 z6 V
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!9 w0 t: L6 h- q3 `* d& Y3 r( k) v0 e
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+ _4 H" Y. N0 B0 E9 _: D) O, v 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 . T6 C: F+ T# F. @- Q4 X2 l- j$ l! d( O) F' S$ j: [, Z7 N
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) ! u: k, M9 k2 P. M# W* f" S' U, q/ q% B: ?5 P6 B5 X5 K
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) # n- F; S3 Z6 I # d% _; b/ k% T! WI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) 4 j# S5 [1 l g: ]3 u2 N i& H' h' `6 N1 m
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)2 w }3 i/ T C, H, I
( X+ i: R% j l) r! ]0 VIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) + U$ J% j& \ P' t, C# ?. D2 y5 S6 a: ~6 G- E$ i& l' ]
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)+ [* D. r5 l2 g8 x" r2 B
5 w7 |* j5 N5 L2 w) R" II will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 0 T3 m# t3 Q4 j K6 H; x: a* V& b 1 e: r1 x9 u |1 {' ~如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: 1 |9 J$ C ~& _7 a" s" E6 u+ k5 x; x1 q3 n% b5 l/ P! C
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。). |5 u" c& I# i. L6 ~, j: G7 m' o% ]
- e$ g5 w+ R# H9 v# h9 r CThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) : H$ l8 f3 u. C8 {- E* D& K4 \5 q , a0 R# U* R2 _) ]. K; y* eHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) ; Z2 W* L) ]$ v& h$ s! f [6 |. H& \0 e6 u8 }2 F9 g7 R# ]7 I! }
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) / ]: q+ s& O/ h: D, s 2 q v* d2 M$ ^4 e; S+ tWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 9 M9 @4 @" M1 D. S4 b+ I 3 k! N# z+ a$ U) Q" Q1 H: }Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) % _3 t+ Z4 p* B2 l$ `7 H! W& P+ C 6 T9 k& A7 J$ C3 N1 O9 t. O: F2 B写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) # K- `* _* E9 Y/ }, ~( a" h6 c3 d+ H' v3 Z
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 1 r$ x4 O; R* d- _* n0 Z1 u- ^8 u( p
+ U" }* M$ y- r! v* x3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 ' J+ `4 ^( [, ?3 L! n0 w) W0 x! G 2 b6 ^+ ~1 A( M% P例如: / o4 p& C1 N" q1 W' ^1 @1 G& S& B) q" `! h: m0 v$ J" b
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)" e6 l; B6 K a9 K5 \! C+ `3 J
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Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)& [4 ?2 }8 p' v. ]/ T
4 D8 _+ Z% v; T# RThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)2 U4 E5 Y$ O0 U, V y2 F
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He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 4 I1 W% A9 y6 }8 q% o 0 }) a7 Y6 i% e3 I$ \& w: HMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)% h& W4 q' w% I
) k8 F8 K7 m. V- [3 P# H) zCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)8 u9 ?8 s1 f; F0 ~: X( C# ?0 D: ?
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)0 T# I) j: O1 \% E, b( H