本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 & D) Z( t( n+ t5 g% g; m ; X% m- V2 ?! `% |3 V- S+ h4 a转帖 4 @4 e; X0 P1 m g% w1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 6 m4 c$ j* ^. @' w2 y2 f4 I+ A) ?* f3 F8 J6 b' B( ]6 W, t
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) # l, j7 ~- u, U+ F # K& J0 D/ e$ ]8 c( ^; rThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) 5 M' u) J- F7 j2 o4 S( O* r2 l( ~8 l' W/ b
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) $ e3 y1 [" k% D; |0 {5 T7 q0 `9 S6 w) Z' |2 u8 _8 p. q5 t
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) 7 [/ Q0 @( d# ?( x) b: z! B! R; ]3 l: V
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) 2 Q0 y; x" R* I/ C- ^1 P% [3 s2 {3 _: ^$ g4 [
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) . z7 v$ v7 Z: K# N% r# K4 i% w' J* m) a
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)3 T0 I; i- a* S9 n
5 T9 n8 s! e" o' C9 v' c5 f! sThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)% c( U9 B4 T4 Q6 X9 y8 v
5 e( T) `; T* f: P/ KWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) + x6 w( o- S h. a' I- \; l) ~! W " k! c1 v- |* ?! F9 G4 qPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) $ V, H/ c* T( Z. { r, I , _: w' A3 z! p7 d) c5 q" ?这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!* g8 ]" W- d) V- t) ^
2 u! @. D+ [, s/ D+ X5 q + {- @% b2 N! w' I" b$ o5 [2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。4 ~7 n0 c# Y# ~) y8 z0 U3 C, I8 b' Z
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) ( y, t0 l+ y, n5 Z, U9 U' m x4 V4 l! K1 {- Q1 G
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)! ]/ Y$ e/ }% |
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)' ?+ O( ?# \. V+ F% P
* t8 ]% h: b) A2 |He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) # E) m; k7 F1 z+ I& j$ x7 b! ]" i4 x+ [
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)$ l w# t1 ^; [
Q+ f% }+ \% GShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) / l T6 M' f% G5 l. [& `+ i j. a4 h5 c. x2 t+ g, C
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 8 b' C9 Q6 i% b3 Z ! i% A5 R6 I# F3 u如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:! U& i' U4 q4 d" }5 i
8 [& M! M: ^) x8 |3 [& GThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) : D+ \3 v( K1 K7 @2 X/ C0 m8 E; C* p* |# ~ n' ~8 i
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)% \" G2 B+ t' W! U+ u3 e
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He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)2 [8 o2 E) p6 e2 L! P( c1 E. `2 f
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) % r& M0 G2 `% j( `- X8 s$ Y9 D0 |: z1 ? D
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) 6 }0 i. r$ F4 s$ D( z - I' K- U; \2 x& a* m* }8 qEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) + [( _4 M" W' y- h* `! _ T, F7 y1 \% I) W
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)! v, K- v8 U! e' ?* Y8 |' X1 b
% y' n }& _% Q' G( r, v此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 " g, \# H# }7 A7 L ( O7 A- q0 ?3 S+ ?1 f5 j' c N0 w% K1 @- ^7 ]" c* @3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 : |0 y! ?' e. I% q 1 k# M4 Q7 r" O6 V; k* y$ l$ o1 `; a例如: 3 U7 _8 s, r/ k3 _* a9 v1 c , }& {9 D2 t3 t. M' oMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)' t3 e9 V8 L2 Q6 r; w" ]( z
8 w) z: c* B0 ^5 S' gManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) & E4 O$ Y# g5 ^& ` 2 v- M1 [" I/ S, O2 s1 pThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) ' z/ D2 e- ?# S: k' Z, d- v3 J( }* t& i4 d1 [. X
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)% w5 \2 l$ z4 a7 H e7 L1 Z
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)3 _. e4 a, y7 D
7 A, j& G' @/ B: ]8 Y$ u- GPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)7 l5 j6 K; x7 }* U u
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Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) 9 p7 C( Q0 z, ] G% { 4 W Y2 P1 W5 I" H! ~Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)+ a* h+ G& j1 v2 o, f