本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 5 [: `. x* \0 B( Z5 g5 ]6 S$ Z& O2 t# u% H 转帖 0 F3 D V6 C, a, B8 Y% J1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) / i/ d7 {2 k% | , O! S& Y; F# l3 G2 F例如:1 W- c% H/ |+ u! U# X
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) , g/ t9 `% p2 F, |9 l0 B6 r, O- H6 v' J' I. W8 M- |
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) . H! v* h+ n- K" j( B9 D; M2 v3 w% s
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 6 k- ]( J6 Q5 N( D/ B+ f& d# M. m6 X/ q w5 g8 w
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)5 u( Y/ C- F/ o+ M
+ ]) H: l5 c! [" y& }7 j, A! q- zI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) 7 t" E, _4 B0 h- g- ?" X) k" V3 } Q+ u# e3 R( ~
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) , M& \0 i. Z$ E( D- m 4 X: J/ B8 u3 n rWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) + j9 ?2 ^8 u8 Q5 S0 q" b 9 g- J1 C' F' R8 A0 c% A- kThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) & p$ [& _4 z$ f% _( h# W / t8 t* b+ H PWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)9 V8 S, k. t" F8 s
1 T& C) q0 F2 w7 \( ?Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 0 p7 @# ^0 T2 |$ y( s- n7 A+ k! U$ n9 n% q
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! ! Z# t2 A) K8 r3 ~ # [2 L! v2 J9 ] k$ t: \+ ~ $ y$ `; F1 R% G/ n; L2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。2 B5 X; N0 o" K/ k4 {
1 A0 W4 l! V& F例如: / b9 X% Z9 |) x) u2 g( o3 P7 \' W6 v# Q+ ?" Z n
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)7 o C, B3 H9 e, r8 V( D1 C
/ M1 `7 v2 k1 G L. U/ GDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)2 _' i+ w$ {7 q( c1 q- R, o
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think), h8 I) F f, I/ t! o" Y7 w. ?
?( R. J! r/ T% Z# c+ [( R+ S5 hHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) & K0 b# |5 l7 L4 E( c. m. [- y! n: {* g( s
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 3 U# L3 J$ D( X+ t. U& C5 f) p1 d# ]9 i. h) q" S3 w i
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) 9 H0 r4 r. z" a1 E. u5 Q1 q 6 K3 x& c i; s( e: z SI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)5 N* o: r: N* U
1 a' q# `! b7 Q. R如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:8 }2 r$ Q0 K. @
; @) j# H/ f+ ^' q! b$ I! m7 [The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) ) J: T# Y5 }' M% f7 p3 p$ U0 N9 I1 X$ C3 Q
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)/ G+ R* a% g# G
0 i, c/ t8 Y# ?He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)) H. j. U% T/ c4 O5 H
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) 1 M2 J# G e6 ?, u; D" B8 K5 d & m$ j1 I3 t) D5 K0 ^- H) ~5 mWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)5 `/ _9 O# C% }( q8 y$ G
: U7 S7 B( @+ V& MEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) 3 k$ k! |2 B2 c2 T ( }+ G" g, j* U( c: r写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)2 W* c; U& w/ ` R* p7 w7 g
* ~3 m/ y1 D2 I1 t此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 3 O9 c1 U) s' g; Q0 | & v' l7 Y+ ?3 e7 D: F! u+ x% o2 V0 M9 v) h8 t& V3 j# p 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 % J/ y3 f6 C* h+ z6 y$ v/ _) F# M3 m6 ~: `
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Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)' o' O9 u$ M! E$ L" O% n" a
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Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) " @" T! C. F6 l1 W g9 L9 n* @* R w, V. U
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 6 q c y: h; m( b5 I3 E% ] # W. J' J3 i: _4 }He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) , ~. N% q) Q1 z k 1 g; ~8 ?1 R$ g( T6 R, t( e6 Q8 BMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) . K8 I! S' D* X4 n( y( A: h# r9 a: S3 F2 I- X/ Q7 ?% C
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)4 ?4 g! C1 Z* v
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Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives) ) X% h6 A1 S3 j" u0 m5 C/ ? ! ]7 z e/ ]2 {- ?: Z$ r6 x; NStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)2 Q8 m( m0 @1 p+ K8 @, z
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同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。' J' A- x: n: z* T1 j1 X, ^% ~