找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPTK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户海外CL企业户源头
最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️✔Taboola海外户9千万住宅IP-低至$0.3/gb✅静态$4/ip
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 6909|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
( y1 f% ~# c; ?8 I5 p1 ?) u& w
$ b" m/ Z* O4 k* }9 c- z# ]转帖0 l. S- q; s, }( ~
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

% x0 I& `# B- E% m( \5 t2 P, j* I3 v1 K
例如:! Z* }  a4 f9 F
) a. G  a7 j6 p- \1 i* Y
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
3 P3 B% R# V( L% T4 ?
1 n" I& P3 |- A  S9 rThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)7 h9 |- {0 q- }, E) R# ?2 j

$ {) y' b2 u% [  p7 y/ PThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
* o) c2 n, d6 _& z1 B. i. b- V
  w/ R, {5 m! s2 |; R) `1 k; cThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
/ V5 `8 G' R( H" b( w7 }, ]$ u1 I; l  [# v" ~& ~2 g) e& ?
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
8 {% C1 r3 n3 z3 }+ p/ {4 C: J9 n: W  R9 f
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
. N. D3 \1 D/ v
1 P$ _4 F7 G& G9 e5 v/ s7 MWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
6 E3 W8 }# A2 }/ ^1 k6 z& j$ [' B
! z* q7 N" Z3 L/ W% ^5 W) K6 U3 `The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
* I1 ^# w, H$ b+ l% z; i5 S+ j2 x6 j9 L  t2 {: Z
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)9 B$ x4 p& ]' b" v: O

+ r# ]1 ?! y' PPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
2 ~9 n; Q3 d" W" E5 @1 d6 R0 P/ z' g( B3 z
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
/ |% S; V1 \# }, a! P* a6 }/ P
8 v8 t) d# ^- \! f9 i; B
1 Z. D9 y5 q1 \8 i0 {: c2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。) }0 Y0 w! C, K6 E1 s; z! F7 V

/ f% u/ w1 l1 W" C1 l. d, K例如:" x" o2 ^' Y) B( V* K

" t# F" h5 i/ r! `* k. n1 dAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
9 l. `+ n1 Q, T: u
7 U1 o6 ^! c; j( n; m- s% }( f9 {Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
+ r4 l1 H9 d* A- F
/ Q$ ?# Y% a( g: JI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)1 F& z& S  X( C8 }
2 F3 J5 m6 z  o6 o8 `4 z
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)+ e! U9 n: o1 u8 Z4 c" b8 g
9 }/ ]( u  R" {/ u" H3 C: j" p
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)$ J% ?! z! Z' D  F" X
& Z! s  D6 H% `
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
. O+ R2 ^' n9 I6 V, {& e9 ]# B1 U) V9 b! Z- a5 u1 q4 j  l
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
+ b3 T2 |2 q/ P) T: v; x( U5 U
8 E7 [' N, P3 Q+ N9 y如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:5 z$ z  g  H# @( i! F# A3 u9 |
& W0 s0 f, Y2 n, `* `
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)  |, J& k2 X8 k# n- [8 t$ G. z

0 W" R2 M3 G' E/ yThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
& z! f/ i, }# d. @2 Y' S- ^3 g3 _
4 z- q. T3 w7 Q$ S3 X2 aHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)
2 }1 Q- O: ]; {5 Z: d% l  v; b& Z) B8 D8 F
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
5 \! F! n2 S% |$ U5 }5 ^$ g: u# S6 l: `' }5 |/ p3 D
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
2 A+ o/ ^, ?4 ]  y+ a& s2 @
  x& a& ~: G) P& \  E: i5 ~Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
$ [- @1 K* `* ~0 e! n2 i4 j( I+ q" [' \4 N
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
$ k. |) V; n2 V% l
! H8 Q0 I2 t8 I, u8 ^此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
" M1 R, u4 n' k, [9 H. [
% m, j; }6 u) S1 C- i3 O
) z: [, W6 [: g2 u3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」
: A' _( h# ^- S$ W% R" P
9 `% G, p7 Y- Z7 b6 \3 i% P例如:
9 J; O7 d! Y2 d% E; ~
2 M- C3 M* D9 X% d- U9 XMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
# T# r: E: K& ]1 q; J; c& h/ q5 j. @, I& F5 G% \
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)7 G$ F0 s( k$ g8 L8 u) s; J( H9 \6 S

; N7 b" I- t* n( x8 T1 VThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了): ]8 B" c  [9 T% V
* L4 H& g2 F/ {9 m  w) ]& j" f
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
5 K( D7 J- ~. A" h+ i
+ [) l8 z! \  j& n6 E& XMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。); s# G0 H( [+ M. z! h
# r" I  E3 t) K$ v5 S( s: z  t- ?' |
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
- m. h$ E. T; M& Y4 {2 a9 h2 H5 k, p- A1 i; w0 _
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)8 Q9 f3 |7 ?( U
( }4 e& n# |7 Q9 k9 b8 B
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。); `! Y0 c6 V3 ^6 ?
' K7 w1 B/ D$ E8 o/ o* h
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。1 @7 ~2 j, p( g- h3 {- e5 K- ]& Q
2 W! k% ~) m# L6 G& w
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
5 r; z; ?- j6 d9 r* w; c7 G2 W. l! Z) v! G0 P6 ^+ F. i3 y7 M# S
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
8 [  t6 Z3 |( u9 i1 E# H
0 R8 V* |7 Z! c  O0 q; b( i) \对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;/ U! I) V1 ~2 u5 q

- N# E# L) S+ X- ?对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
! k- A& |" B/ \/ E4 y. H) g4 i8 ?5 x" ^! Z+ D0 o0 y' {9 E8 A4 ?
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
: S- x  I- j: F4 l: L' S" R" C% R2 d0 m) Q
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:" z2 E) l0 u9 Y; z
) P+ h2 r7 F* X9 j/ _/ m
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。% B) N# ^) k, [+ w$ t$ X- k. H

2 s( C2 ~( K2 L8 v- s: x有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
- W* |' b0 g% E- N* ]* Y9 O

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-8-31 23:50 , Processed in 0.076243 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表