本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 4 h$ \; {; y8 A% Y; I6 a 4 J, t7 ?+ c9 {! _1 _9 `: h转帖 3 W8 u }6 b- u: M. ^7 w. n1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)* e# z5 R4 V) ?2 g+ @5 x) P0 n
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 8 O1 N, M7 o# M. `9 z0 m' { & }% @$ A$ R. x6 f+ ^% a: \0 DThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) . V; \" Y: E8 C' M" Z' F# d: V4 x: Y
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) # I8 b' [: x2 O: _. t+ U! w% T+ _/ v; l& \/ }
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)6 T9 q; B) Y' U; J# K q
0 J( j7 X' K) Y7 }' R0 y2 l# \I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) / E1 o) d6 W. d; S. }0 [ # K; d% _% D6 L# h y' ]) |2 KMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) d( m$ N5 Y8 N! p5 i% G- W, j( p- f
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We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)% {2 D' \6 I. V1 h& |/ A! k
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) 6 R/ o9 d+ }/ V/ O7 s * o6 ]8 ?! l; n* x! B ?: \. IWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)# B9 p/ ?: D8 X; j/ F, {9 L
! N5 ~& t9 ^+ }9 ^" T* q4 V+ nPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)7 c; D8 _" a: R0 ^8 H+ u3 M
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! . [1 k. Z7 `; P' s) k. } ; B0 C9 y/ m" a0 j! ^$ D, o 8 H1 U5 n8 d- j! g' M+ E5 S1 l/ x2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。& y; z/ L# \/ g6 l: l
% N( ], d2 `5 h9 l例如: 9 h6 O$ z; h- D6 h* {$ I # L8 A" b/ T2 x& F# G5 Y/ G' J5 x, |At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)( g9 E; G$ W, a
e1 C# L7 }! A4 V5 h/ x7 V: [Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)) @8 ?' j$ x( }+ d2 K! x; q
% [& ]) K) Z) ~( [5 qI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) + {* l4 ]/ x' ]; v* L3 b3 `" s7 V/ G7 i0 F
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) , m5 U% l4 F) M: B+ K% s$ ?; f3 I3 ~' r( A0 }) u
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)/ T0 p3 e- K e$ P
4 [9 \4 g- |& F% k( y( m9 zShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) ; W" N! U0 c1 H( [1 c1 ?" z3 L0 V" e, N/ o' a8 }* S
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) % X: {8 V7 x9 e3 O( Z/ M5 h& \! N 2 A4 v$ c; r0 p6 {- ?" W6 a9 ~1 v如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: 9 O6 T$ g9 P& y1 a4 i, I( [0 `' C4 i
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) ; c6 W/ j! i& ~- H2 T" l0 ^& k 3 _ M4 Z8 l# h' FThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) $ x" S- [- i+ f. Y( K: Z4 w$ e% S, O/ K5 F6 m9 N, I( F2 k! A
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) 1 d2 }4 b! q5 N. S4 m/ k2 j: v5 j$ ^- O
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) 6 q" q H( b4 E# D% H5 P& l9 E, Z0 G$ H6 h: D5 o
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)! Y) P+ _; v# ^" n5 f1 q
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Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) ; C7 }& S7 o& C: a' s 0 t* q, b% s, C9 ^0 G; `8 ^# P8 }写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 2 r2 Z, f, }. N5 o% C0 @2 Z; |( X4 x/ e& {; ?, O
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。8 r* e; D/ L+ y- ^0 e$ ^
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# M6 ?& |, z. C4 T$ U! G 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 , I1 `' |+ U* Y6 g7 u% W . m9 @5 S; W& g& N例如: 1 U5 z S/ b ^& }6 G - v3 j( n4 m; u8 P- y- c- kMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)+ H, o7 _/ ]# B; z
/ O+ r) [7 u2 D- B4 s7 m8 B) S+ DManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) . K3 W" p# |: R* s. h; m3 } $ k& m" Q- ]/ y, Z$ [This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 4 |- X0 O0 U+ p6 _* @* i- [7 l# |1 A" o" u" v" l
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) . y4 I4 h6 W: n7 k8 v & C. o( B6 M& J" \$ _& N8 SMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 5 w3 P7 D: S( G% }! `9 O4 w' ] # q' D/ U+ N9 c3 U1 `, yPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 9 x+ u( K" |) ?$ z) Z* A& D2 r/ i9 O/ N/ s
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)# \ X0 r0 Z2 Z( h0 ]+ a) F6 m" B
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Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。) ( e! o+ p6 c! Q- \4 \) G ( Y: U& F y/ `同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。: A$ i4 M1 ]& D3 W