找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPTK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户海外CL企业户源头
最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️✔Taboola海外户9千万住宅IP-低至$0.3/gb✅静态$4/ip
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 6904|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 5 R+ q, v" E5 _/ k; F
* W) V( M9 J+ H- x/ S0 C
转帖
# f/ S8 Q8 N* }1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

2 |4 P7 ?$ y* E( s6 [* k' l  b- D  i% o: Z" M& w6 g9 T9 v
例如:
' v4 W. M! O9 s' g( c3 z/ X% S& }( @/ j: B9 k( l3 ]3 A
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)! i% Q3 u: ^) E5 F. y
9 P1 X; l; x( ^% W
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
- A; }" k8 ?1 @5 e6 X( F' g- P) ^  r4 P; |
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)  M1 J+ I1 c" i; w8 s) D* E& I

* h5 x  u8 x% sThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
6 ?0 i7 ?, T- S; [! O' a- f8 L! I) c! }6 l; B2 g: d9 O( l
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
2 g1 s& }5 {1 B  P+ {- `6 p. }( Z3 u4 ^  J. ~. ^, k
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)( X4 W# f& w) o  R

. N) P4 B5 N4 o9 u) q( V; oWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!); L  e+ I$ P- U/ V6 V2 h3 j5 L! O

+ L4 Q% O8 I7 M- |" XThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)0 q7 A# K  ]! H/ ^% w; u! c
* C% O; t) R4 q% ^; z( B# O
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
# J* A9 a% A9 d/ s: F
, a/ D# T" M$ j$ YPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)+ }0 }% j$ Q" P5 O) ?/ [- L

* d9 W/ M& I7 L4 j, W' I8 o: |这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
* |6 q. u3 ^2 W4 a0 A
  u# q  J7 H  g4 A8 s" O% q, s  `$ q5 L: v5 ?
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。
0 M  e& Q8 x4 y+ ~# `# |5 n9 p# o' J% O7 b$ K
例如:
8 D) ^/ y5 x$ F* ^  d0 w% O  i2 R% J* n/ T+ Z1 `
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
! `4 V5 w) V: a+ P0 A5 [. \/ |4 m3 ^3 b& ?
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
# s' g  {  ?5 M4 Q; |  E8 x
' L& e1 T9 }$ w( sI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
9 f. k# F1 T- [+ i
# v% l. b* Y% p, }2 @He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
5 M) k. I. |- ~, T
0 r8 N/ B# p. h0 m* HIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)/ G+ }' {3 `# d" D, X; a# \+ P

! Y9 ~/ H$ P) H; B8 D, B8 f# rShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)- g) x& `5 q% z2 v6 w) ], I* F
1 J8 v6 l$ m* ~- h! Y; g
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)  N9 Z5 L4 M% N! C

' G$ y, ]8 Y3 M6 P" O如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
3 n0 b& n2 W. Y: Y3 L$ k
9 W" `0 n& h. |- y' I6 T* nThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)6 G" y' J" Y7 O7 I5 l" _2 b" {3 O

( V+ w& ^- W" |) n, w4 M1 oThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)6 \5 K9 k, u3 W( G

5 \+ H0 m' W& U4 EHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)' u& p. ?; v6 c1 f+ R2 Y
& }+ ?. X- z+ E" E) U
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
4 `8 O; e2 C% n& }; u! K5 e: h  F  s$ X
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
  `) z! o' n' `5 X! T  J
0 K  O3 z% W. c$ }8 F, XEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
4 g5 U* Q1 K% f- L# e1 U. s" Z. u+ t2 z
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)! _( y1 A& q3 I% C/ t9 l. _+ u; D; }. [

; e" A# i2 K- L$ t+ p+ l* d6 I此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。) A/ x+ m0 J; x: J7 o
2 Q0 w$ U0 [3 }. d: O' g

$ @& C, v: O# c; Y6 Y" l3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」7 }: _+ h* w" R, \) Y; s2 X4 m
; J! `) ]' P/ z: d  _9 y2 ~$ Y
例如:
; w  m. @# l' c  ]& K; {* j
& M1 W* z6 i( {3 `- {! AMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)0 T1 \, n' j3 A! B& {$ Z
( j3 q0 o  x& D3 z
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)* V: W) c1 ~3 O+ M. O/ u" o* y
1 c$ h9 b4 q# ~0 Z4 w( m
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)& h7 G2 e3 ]! f  |) i% n" z
* J# Q) ^, ~1 k5 a$ L* c
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)) W  W) \1 h+ g2 O2 G. Z
4 a' H5 r- Y* d2 w. D
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)# K% A, N' @8 C2 e- T1 x$ |
* C/ b+ _- z: \7 b  @9 p
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
' a$ E5 C1 V& x( G/ z1 l
& ?. U; |1 X) X& UCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)9 @& \- d# T) n7 \+ @
( d! }. J5 b0 i2 \; V
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
. C/ ^! Q) E. j- _5 l. e1 l
, E! F; `- T& }3 Z7 C% d5 U% _) @同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
' _/ u7 K0 [3 }: r/ ?6 h. B5 e# S  r6 I% j
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:, Z) U/ V' m% E: @

& E$ s. k) \0 D; H4 a& v3 i  H对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
, v( s- h# |! B0 Y. U4 Y! Z' a: Q
% v! W6 r* _9 H+ ?7 z8 t对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
" S* m: o0 x. x' B  P# ?5 E1 V5 r: \
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
* k! C1 o; C3 R% I2 Z- E
4 G0 [6 w9 x' z' G" `; v( C6 j对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
/ q  H3 @" g( g: R7 S5 l* u9 a& V) v( N4 U$ w0 v! T8 \
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
; v% U3 F( a+ f: S, T: H) h9 o! Y- l: L5 X8 r2 \, [5 U
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
% w4 G# `+ b) l/ M! R- @) {
, e$ t; j# w* ^& E' _有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。0 K5 U. d5 r4 g

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-8-31 17:52 , Processed in 0.066486 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表