找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌尤里改 - FB 稳定投放
【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISP
FB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审
FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头全球效果广告投放平台|Vertoz IngeniousPlex
广告位出租   
查看: 7462|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 8 k$ o4 g6 I4 I! ^( N/ j( {8 m1 s1 m

  j( U" V3 \3 N9 u" S# S7 b转帖$ @9 [" Z: I. o3 _7 N) d
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

" Z6 [$ r" c( j/ w! n- j3 r9 c% U6 S
例如:; z3 G0 }' B( t
4 u* e- G$ I$ c; l/ w
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
/ G, C6 k( ~. b; o5 w
# m; @5 T6 q: e9 K+ J- `9 KThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)/ a& x% Z* w4 N( l. g& i# R

$ ^' m# Q+ n: i2 cThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)' r: m1 g5 l9 ^2 I7 _/ ?

; |) |7 u; D* oThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
' _" k# g: r9 u/ ~! Z% t0 A! I6 B# s8 I
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
: R* w; b0 [) H9 @: ?& }  X5 _) w0 b# ?; H) w
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
9 p- g! g- q1 S$ u7 S# l2 A" Q0 F
3 Q) A& c4 s) G# H5 k3 v' AWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!); a: Z& d9 P& e( b
+ B, G+ u' ^( \7 [* K
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)# [& v6 [2 O8 t9 ?, z

( C) x! r, F6 ]) y* P- w. LWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
0 G) C9 y4 b7 G1 R2 l5 l3 ^6 L* l8 R+ p
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
7 D# D2 [" P5 Y; v+ m
+ ~  P/ t7 b& W这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!; C0 a3 Q3 n* N$ C& n/ Z& H

. Y+ D" r0 q; j5 X) ?/ C, ?, W, ]0 ^. Y7 P
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。
2 ]. n* ^! L! F/ }3 Y# q! X6 ~! K" I  R: {
例如:  i( [( z# T# D& c
  P7 o6 e+ G' P% ~* V6 @
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
7 Q% h5 `5 W4 g
: r; e( [- [7 L; y% J- W# {! |Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)$ a6 Q0 G7 A; h+ }/ n! \$ ?

; M; I1 ~& Y  G9 t  ^+ ~4 {  I, PI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
  k+ F$ E0 \4 j7 x5 S+ d, y- u( P8 ]/ V5 W* J8 r
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
5 c4 K: W+ Z. k( K7 Y2 r% i& ?# S" L4 T6 [- u
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)! v4 C+ @5 C6 O% j2 b- d$ F0 ]
$ S/ `5 O+ Q3 K3 ^+ {$ f8 `% v5 i
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
" Q6 X/ C# r5 Y, G/ P4 x# C
# p! s6 K* w2 Z9 ~5 KI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)
  [0 l* w9 y! z) C) N+ [- Q$ x+ O- `# R2 [, N
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:0 \( c! \8 n' K1 J- q' H

9 f( R" u5 }# @* X# ^2 iThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)( G' J5 B4 [: j% O  k) L* Z" ~

' Z: r, q. n6 E! G9 {4 QThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)( ^5 b) F0 i' d. e3 r

  |: r- n8 a$ D7 h) A. r; THe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。): P# ^! a: A# A$ L

* z4 M; O6 J7 h7 k1 f$ P. }6 |He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
' n+ M) ~3 f9 Z1 V+ W* a$ I) g. J. [, N; q# r- J0 E& D
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的); \" M+ A! J3 a$ b& y

( z$ U9 V9 D- FEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)" n5 X- ^) ]3 @; s# I% l. F
. B( l; x4 C' Q; w, p
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
- ?  p9 D0 x8 B  O' ?, u
" w# ]+ K( R0 Q* T9 ~: s) j3 ]此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
# Z; K( V; z, S& m; u2 Q' y6 O
" B7 ]: m& C2 h7 _2 h, S" B4 v
' ~' H- i( S* M3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。3 ~0 ]! s% x* X1 I. I

) n6 |% @$ ]1 f0 M0 T; E" \8 Y例如:
4 @& r$ b, E9 b. s9 e& z( s1 a/ X  e, L( e) ?8 h. e0 n
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)+ t  ?7 @4 d  l, b+ ^' U$ F
1 D, g; L4 v( o* k
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
8 l& c& c: `2 N$ @; q. q$ r( V
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了). I5 y9 r5 \& T

6 m; S& k5 L8 @, c9 w9 CHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
4 X  q2 T+ [- T  W8 R/ d. j5 Z% D! Z# k/ ~' C
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
# _7 g4 n1 ?3 y* g4 K$ ~$ ^0 v# h, q0 ~8 T& D
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
% ?( ]6 X' M# M8 J
6 M' J  p8 ~2 T6 vCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
6 s  c( Z+ B, L# ?) y
. L' j, u: L: W, L! o# X4 jStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)0 {; ?. V1 {" D5 F% O! w) P+ B
3 P5 [) c: V3 `$ S: s
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
. U% V. c, p4 p, f+ K# C% r, O$ j5 a8 E  p' ~- s! Y
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
; Q# H  [$ w+ ]$ N3 J' l6 x( }9 h2 @& T* g* F
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;! {9 }8 [% r" c$ a5 B
) i- B' f8 J9 `" C6 b9 C% ]2 F! \2 ]
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
4 Q: h( _* n0 t7 |/ q! \# r4 R3 r
, k" Z8 i% W& I# |对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
5 U5 g) Z& i' t
. j  A. K( k; {. e7 [. L对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;2 ~- r' C- D, q# h
. V' q& l' T' n, o( m0 q$ Y
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
8 b! l( H2 {- r& y' E& b! v% ^
, W( N9 y- N9 p# x1 F还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。4 P# m- T7 Q7 X
6 n  u9 _+ `9 f1 Y6 Z
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
% s! h5 s; J6 G1 X' G

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-11-8 00:18 , Processed in 0.062064 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表